Phylogenetic analysis of the family Drosophilidae, focused from the genus Lordiphosa

本文对果蝇亚科中的刺蛾属与部分主要类群的系统发育关系进行了分析。共选择41种果蝇，其中4种为外类群，隶属于隐翅虫亚科（Steganinae），18种隶属于5个种群，共提取66个成虫形态特征进行分析。数据矩阵进行分支分析系统发育分析使用简约（PAUP 3.1.1）计算机程序。通过Bootstrap分析，给出了最大简约树各分支的置信度值，并根据3棵最简约树的一致树和Bootstrap值，得到了以下结论。1)Lordiphosa是多系的。2)细尾果蝇种群本身是并系的，它与Neiodrosophila属构成一个单系群。3)其余的Lorddiphosa种使自己成为另一个单系群，作为Sophophora亚属的姐妹群。4)除细尾组外，凹尾组和齿尾组均为单系，黑尾组可分为两个单系，但三木组的单系性没有得到Bootstrap值的有力支持。5)Hirtodrosophila和Scaptomyza都是单系的。6)在果蝇亚科中，Scaptodrosophila属被认为是第一个从主谱系中分裂出来的。然而，其他分支的分支顺序，Lordiphosa+Sophophora，Chymomyza，Dorsilopha，Hirtodrosophila，Scaptomyza，Nesiodrosophila+Lo.tenuicauda种群和果蝇，仍然没有解决。

Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lordiphosa and some major taxa in the subfamily Drosophilinae were analyzed in this study. A total of 41 drosophilid species, including four species of the subfamily Steganinae as an outgroup and 18 species of five Lordiphosa species-groups, were selected, and 66 adult morphological characters were extracted for the analyzes. The data matrix was subjected to a cladistic analysis by phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP 3.1.1) computer program. The confidential value for each clade of the maximum parsimony tree was given by a bootstrap analysis.Based upon a consensus tree from three most parsimonious trees and the bootstrap values, the following conclusions were deduced. 1) Lordiphosa is polyphyletic. 2) The Lo.tenuicauda species-group, which itself is paraphyletic, makes a monophyletic group together with the genus Nesiodrosophila. 3) The remaining Lordiphosa species make themselves another monophyletic group as the sister group to the subgenus Sophophora. 4) Within Lordiphosa except the tenuicauda group, the fenestrarum and the denticeps groups are each monophyletic, the nigricolor group is to be divided into two monophyletic groups, but the monophyly of the miki group is not strongly supported by the bootstrap value. 5) The genus Hirtodrosophila and Scaptomyza are each monophyletic. 6) Within the Drosophilinae, the genus Scaptodrosophila is regarded as having first splitted from the main lineage. However, the subsequent branching order of other clades, Lordiphosa+Sophophora, Chymomyza, Dorsilopha, Hirtodrosophila, Scaptomyza, Nesiodrosophila+Lo.tenuicauda species-group, and Drosophila, remains unsolved.