HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALS OF HOUSEHOLD-SPRAYS USED IN A ROOM FROM THE POINTS OF VIEW OF THE CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE AIR.

为了评估室内家用喷雾器中使用的化学物质的健康风险，在温湿度控制的室内（25.4 m^3, 30‰，0.16次/小时），在几个点测量了这些化学物质的浓度及其随时间的变化。家用喷雾剂通常由“汽化材料”、“溶剂”和“有效化学品”组成。(1)液化石油气、二甲醚、异戊烷等汽化物质的浓度在室内约30分钟内均匀扩散，并基本保持恒定。另一方面，氯菊酯、氯菊酯等有效药剂在30分钟左右也能均匀扩散，但在不到10小时的时间内不断减少，达到检出限以下。溶剂（如乙醇、甲苯）浓度随时间的变化介于挥发物质和有效化学物质之间。汽化器、溶剂和有效化学品的蒸气压分别约为500 - 4,000、30 - 50和小于1.0 *10^<-5> mmHg。这些化学物质之间的蒸气压差异被认为是影响空气中这些化学物质随时间变化的主要因素。(2)评估室内使用化学品的健康风险时，高蒸汽压化学品应主要评估空气中的浓度，低蒸汽压化学品应同时评估空气中的浓度和地板表面的浓度。

With a view of assessing health risk of chemicals of household-sprays used in a room, the concentrations and the changes with time of these chemicals after spraying were measured at several points in a temperature and humidity controlled room (25.4 m^3, 30ﾟC, 0.16 times/hour). Household-sprays generally consist of "vaporizing materials", "solvents", and "effective chemicals".(1)The concentrations of vaporizing materials, such as LPG, dimethyl ether, and iso-pentane, spread homogeneously in the room in about 30 minutes and kept almost constant. On the other hand, that of effective chemicals, such as tetramethrin resmethrin, permethrin, also spread homogeneously in about 30 minutes but kept decreasing and got to under detection limit in less than 10 hours. The changes with time of the concentrations of solvents, such as ethanol, toluene, were intermediate between vaporizing materials and effective chemicals. The vapor pressures of vaporizers, solvents, and effective chemicals were approximately 500 - 4,000, 30 - 50, and less than 1.0 *10^<-5> mmHg, respectively. The difference among these chemicals vapor pressure was considered to be a main factor effecting the changes with time of these chemicals in the air.(2)In assessing health risk of chemicals used in a room, in case of high vapor pressure chemicals the concentration in the air should be mainly evaluated and in case of low vapor pressure chemicals both the concentration in the air and the concentration on the surface of a floor should be evaluated.