Research on a Couple's Network System in Urban Society

这项研究的目的是阐明城市化程度如何影响夫妇的个人网络系统，以及妻子的就业与夫妇的网络系统和城市化之间的相互关系。基于这些研究目的，我们于1998学年末(1999年3月)在福冈市、冈山市和德岛市进行了一项调查，向每个地方的700名样本邮寄了问卷。问卷中询问了妻子是否有工作，夫妇的个人网络系统是什么样子，以及夫妻之间如何分担家务。受试者均为女性，年龄在30岁至49岁之间。共收集问卷851份(40.5%)，有效问卷835份(39.8%)。在1999学年，我们对数据进行了分析。这项分析的主要发现是：(1)城市化程度越低，有全职工作的母亲人数越多。福冈为10.4%，冈山为16.4%，德岛为23.4%，差异显著。(2)德岛的母亲能够全职工作的因素是社会流动性较少，而且她们自己的亲戚住在30分钟车程以内。(丈夫的亲属居住在附近的相应数量没有显著差异。)有职业或在公职人员中工作的母亲比例较高的情况也应包括在内。(3)更多的母亲是在自己的母亲上小学时有工作的。(4)妇女是否工作的愿望是不一致的，她们婚后工作(或不工作)的愿望受制于丈夫的工作方式。

The aim of this research is to clarify how degrees of urbanism affect a couple's individual network system and how a wife's employment interrelates with the couple's network system and urbanism.1. With these aims of research, we conducted a survey at the end of academic year 1998 (March, 1999) in Fukuoka City, Okayama city and Tokushima City, mailing a questionnaire to 700 samples in each place. Whether a wife has a job or not, what a couple's individual network system is like and how the household duties are shared between the couple are asked in the questionnaire. The subject was all female ranging between 30 to 49 years old. 851 answers (40.5%) were collected, of which 835 (39.8%) were effective.2. In the academic year 1999, we analyzed the data. The major findings from the analysis, whose details are described in 'A Report on Research Results', are; (1)the lower the degree of urbanism is, the bigger the number of mothers with full-time employment is. The ratio was 10.4% for Fukuoka, 16.4% for Okayama and 23.4% for Tokushima and the difference was significant. (2)the factors enabling the mothers in Tokushima to work full-time are there is less social movement and they have their own kin living in less than 30 minutes' travel. (There was no significant difference in the corresponding number of husbands' kin living nearby.) The high rate of mothers who have a profession or who work for public offices should be also included. (3)more mothers turned out to be employed whose own mothers had work when they entered an elementary school. (4)women's desire to work or not, is not consistent, and their desire to work (or not) after marriage is subject be regulated by the modes of their husbands' work.