Evolution and formation of galaxies seen through an ISO Far-infrared survey

我们利用1995年投入使用的ISO（红外空间天文台）上的ISOPHOT在95和175 μm处进行了深远红外调查，该ISO远红外调查发现了比无演化模型多100倍的源。在地面进行后续观测，对这些目标进行光学识别和红移测量是非常重要的。本项目拟做：1 .对ISO远红外巡天进行精确分析，生成高度可靠的ISO远红外源目录，为后续观测提供坚实基础，并将这些源的数量密度与星系模型进行比较，获取星系形成和演化的信息；2执行从光学到无线电的后续观测，测量红移等基本量；3 .建立CCD成像系统，在欧洲大面积ISO测量领域开展CCD成像。我们根据最新的ISO数据校准，对ISO远红外测量进行了足够精确的数据分析，并成功地生成了可靠的远红外源目录。通过与远红外源计数模型的比较，我们发现：(1)z ~ 0.4附近的恒星形成率（SFR）比现在的SFR高100倍；(2)由于红外宇宙背景辐射的限制，高红移时的SFR应低于z ~ 0.4处的SFR。2我们在冈山天文台1.8m望远镜上进行了光谱分析，在美国甚长阵列（VLA）上进行了20cm成像，并在野山天文台的45m望远镜、西班牙的IRAM 30m望远镜和夏威夷的CSO 10m望远镜上进行了毫米/亚毫米观测。VLA观测非常成功，首次提供了远红外源的精确坐标。这确实是后续观察的一个里程碑。KECK望远镜的光谱学计划在今年三月进行CCD成像系统几乎已经完成，它将被安装在澳大利亚AAO的英国施密特望远镜上。这艘船将于二零零零年四月投入使用。少

We have carried out a deep far-infrared survey at 95 & 175 μm using ISOPHOT onboard ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) that was put in operation in 1995 This ISO far-infrared survey has detected 100 time more sources than expected from the no-evolution model. It is very important to make optical identification and to measure the redshift of these object by performing follow-up observations from the ground. This project intended to do :1 performing the accurate analysis of the ISO far-infrared survey, generating a highly reliable catalog of ISO far-infrared sources to give a firm base for follow-up observations, and comparing the number density of these sources with the models of galaxies for obtaining information on formation and evolution of galaxies ;2 executing follow-up observations from the optical to radio and measuring basic quantities such as redshift ;3 building a CCD imaging system and carrying out CCD imaging over the fields of European Large Area ISO Survey.We have achieved t … More he following :1 We have performed data analysis with sufficient accuracy of the ISO far-infrared survey based on the most recent calibration for ISO data, and successfully generated a reliable catalog of far-infrared sources. We have obtained number-flux relations using this catalog, and examined the completeness of the survey through simulation Comparing the relations with the models of far-infrared source counts, we found that (1) the star formation rate (SFR) around z 〜0.4 was 100 times higher than the present day SFR, and (2) SFR at high redshift should have been lower than SFR at z 〜0.4 due to the constraint from the Infrared Cosmic Background Radiation.2 We have carried out spectroscopy on the 1.8m telescope at the Okayama Observatory, 20cm imaging using VLA (Very Long Array in USA), and millimeter/submillimeter observations using the 45m telescope at the Nobeyama Observatory, IRAM 30m telescope at Spain, and CSO 10m telescope at Hawaii. The VLA observations were executed very successfully, providing the accurate coordinates of far-infrared sources for the first time. This is indeed a milestone of follow-up observations. Spectroscopy with the KECK telescope is scheduled in March this year.3 The CCD imaging system has almost been completed, and this will be installed on the UK Schmidt telescope at AAO in Australia. This will be commissioned in April in 2000. Less