Optimization of Smooth Blasting

光面爆破是一种广泛应用于岩石隧道和洞室开挖的控制爆破。本课题通过对光面爆破中岩石破裂过程的分析，明确了改善和优化光面爆破的关键因素。(1)本文编制了一个模拟岩石裂纹动态扩展的计算机程序。利用该程序分析了光面爆破中岩石的断裂过程，阐明了起爆时间精度对断裂过程的影响。(2)通过对静、动载荷作用下裂纹扩展过程的比较，阐明了岩石动强度与静强度的关系。特别指出，细观强度的不均匀性是导致动、静强度差异的主要原因。(3)开发了用于洞室围岩破坏区探测的紧凑型垂直地震勘探系统。通过现场测试，证实了CVSP系统对隧道周边损伤区深度的评估是有效的，从而说明高精度起爆系统和CVSP系统是优化光面爆破的有效工具。

The smooth blasting is a controlled blasting widely used in rock tunnel and cavern excavations. In this research project, the fracture process of rock in the smooth blasting has been analyzed and the key factors for improving and optimizing the smooth blasting is made clear.(1) A computer program to simulate the dynamic crack propagation in rock has been developed. Using this code, the rock fracture process in smooth blasting was analyzed and the influence of initiation time accuracy on the fracture process was clarified.(2) Comparing the crack propagation processes in static and dynamic loading, a relation between the dynamic strength and the static one of rock is made clear. Especially, it is pointed out that heterogeneity of micro-scale strength results in the difference of dynamic and static strengths.(3) The Compact Vertical Seismic Prospecting (CVSP) system to inspect the damaged are in the rock around cavern was developed. From the field measurement, it is confirmed that the CVSP system is useful to evaluate the depth of damaged zone around the tunnel.From these results, it is concluded that the high accurate initiation system and CVSP system are useful tool for optimization of the smooth blasting.