Examinations of Naturalistic Approach to Human Cognitive Activities

在最近对人类认知活动进行彻底的自然主义解释的尝试中，可以发现某些令人困惑的因素。首先，在意向态度的语义解释中，诸如意义、命题和心灵与环境之间的“不可验证的”因果关系等表面上的非自然主义概念经常被诉诸。其次，真正的模态概念（逻辑或数学的必然性和可能性）通常被引入到数学理论的唯名主义重构中，要么作为抽象实体的替代物，要么至少作为不可或缺的原始逻辑属性。我们发现有必要探讨这些概念是否能够重新分析，以便根据自然主义的基本原则被接受。TANJI指出，自然主义告诉我们的是，我们对唯一可具体说明的“真实的”信仰内容的天真信仰本质上是不一致的，也是站不住脚的。NOMOTO试图通过发展信仰归属的全球语义分析来重塑弗雷格的观念。筱原建议我们站在自然主义的立场上重新审视自我认识问题。石川着重论述了康德对可能性概念的分析，并对朴素模态实在论提出了警告。KANZAKI试图阐明自然主义对道德哲学，特别是道德实在论的影响。OKAMOTO试图通过审视我们发明和构建（非正式的和形式化的）数学语言的方式来解释我们数学知识的可能性。

Certain puzzling elements can be detected in recent attempts to give a thoroughly naturalistic explanation of the human cognitive activities. First, such prima facie unnaturalistic notions as meaning, proposition and "unverifiable" causal relations between mind and cirsumstances are often appealed to in semantic explanations of intentional attitudes. Secondly, genuine modal notions (logical or mathematical necessity and possibility) are usually introduced into nominalistic reconstructions of the mathematical theories either as surrogate for abstract entities or, at least, as indispensable primitive logical properties. We find it necessary to inquire whether these notions are capable of re-analysis so as to be acceptable according to the basic principles of naturalism. TANJI points out that what narturalism tells us is that our naive faith in uniquely specifiable "genuine" belief-contents is inherently inconsistent amtd untenable. NOMOTO seeks to reforge the notion of Frege's sense by way of developing a global semantic analysis of belief ascriptions. SHINOHARA suggests that we reexamine the problem of self-knowledge front the standpoint of naturalism. ISHIKAWA concentrates on the Kant's analysis of the notion of possibility and warns against naive modal realism. KANZAKI attempts to elucidate what consequences naturalism will have in relation to moral philosophy, in particular, to moral realism. OKAMOTO seeks to explain the possibility of our mathematical knowlegde by scrutinizing the way we invent and construct the (informal and formalized ) languages of mathematics.