Studies on the Metallurgy and Culture produced in the Iron-Smelting Furnaces in Ancient Tohoku District

通过对日本东北地区早期历史时期(浅草-奈良-平安时代)的铁生产进行冶金研究，以了解日本东北地区的铁文化。四个典型的铁器出土遗迹“青森室泽”、“秋田泉泽-中台”、“宫城柏城”和“福岛部”遭到了反对。这些遗迹位于方便获取的地方，不仅有河流和海滩上丰富的铁砂，还有来自奥乌和阿布库玛山脉附近树林中的木炭，就像中世纪的松江(出云)地区一样。本文研究了炼铁炉渣的显微结构和化学成分，并用光学、激光和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行了研究。这些实验表明，使用与挖掘中回收的矿渣相似的再生矿渣，可以清楚地观察到矿渣的微观结构。由此得到的信息可用于解释考古(考古-冶金)数据。此外，这些结果还与铁产量的量化和铁砂生产的铁的质量有关。因此，建议在鹿城和BUI两座冶炼炉内保持高温，均匀分布，生产出质量较好的铁。

The present studies are metallurgically carried out to make clear the iron culture in Tohoku District of Japan through the iron production of the Early Historical Period (Asuca-Nara-Heian Era). Four typical excavated remains of the iron production sites, "Aomori Mokusawa", "Akita Izumisawa-Nakadai", "Miyagi Kashiwagi", and "Fukushima Bui", were objected. These remains located the places where were convenient to get, not only the rich iron sand on the rivers and beaches, but the charcoal from the woods near the "Oou" and "Abukuma" mountains, just like in Matsue(Izumo) District in the Middle Age.This study deals with the microstructures and chemical compositions of the slag excavated in the iron smelting furnaces, and the investigation using optical, laser and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes. These experiments made clear the microstructure using reproduced slag similar to those recovered from the excavations. The resulting information can be used to interpret the archaeological (archaeo-metallurgical) data. Furthermore, these results have the relating to the quantification of the iron production and to the quality of the iron produced from iron-sands and under similar conditions.As a result, it is suggested that the inside conditions in two smelting furnaces, at Kashiwagi and Bui, were kept at high temperature, uniform distribution, and produced iron with good qualities.