A research of self-choice elaboration effects on memory

本研究的目的是比较自我选择加工（SG）与自我生成加工（SG）和被试提供加工（EP）对附带记忆的影响。在SC条件下，被试被要求选择与目标相关的信息的备选方案之一;在SG条件下，被试被要求产生与目标相关的信息;在EP条件下，被试被要求对实验者提供的信息与目标的相关性进行评价。1、2和3提示SC和SG条件下的靶点回忆率高于EP条件下。这些结果表明，自我选择性加工和自我生成性加工对附带记忆的影响是相同的。Exp. 4、5、6和7的结果表明，在树回忆测验中，以两个与之相关的选项呈现的目标被回忆得最多。这些结果表明，自我选择加工的有效性取决于每个目标与其选项之间关系的质量。Exp. 8、9、10和11表明，自我选择加工效应（SC优于EP）在奇异句中出现，在普通句中不出现;自我选择加工效应在低意象句中出现，在高意象句中不出现。这些结果被解释为表明句子框架的类型（奇异与普通）和句子框架的形象（高与低）决定了自我选择阐述的有效性。Exp. 12、13、14和15表明，学科或知识基础的等级决定了自我选择阐述的有效性。最后，本研究阐明了新的加工方式--自我选择加工是有效的，并且自我选择加工的有效性是由多种因素决定的。

The purpose of the present study was to examine the self-choice elaboration (SG) effects on incidental memory in comparison with self-generated elaboration (SG) and experimenter-provided elaboration (EP). In SC condition, subjects were asked to select one of the alternatives of information relating to the target In SG condition, subjects were asked to generate the information relating to the target In EP condition, subjects were asked to rate the relatedness of information provided by experimenter to the target.Exp. 1, 2 and 3 indicated that targets in SC and SG conditions were recalled more often than those in EP condition. These results were interpreted as showing that the self-choice elaboration as well as the self-generated elaboration had same effects on incidental memory. Exp. 4, 5, 6 and 7 showed that targets presented with two associates of it as alternatives were most recalled in tree recall test These results were interpreted as showing that the effectiveness of self-choice elaboration were determined by the quality of relation among each target and its alternatives. Exp. 8, 9 10 and 11 indicated that the self-choice elaboration effect the superiority of SC to EP, was observed in bizarre sentences, but the effect was not in common sentence, and that the self-choice elaboration eflects were observed in low-image sentence frame, but not in high-image sentences. These results were interpreted as showing that type of sentence frame (bizarre vs. common) and image of sentence frame (high vs. low) determined the effectiveness of self-choice elaboration. Exp. 12, 13, 14 and 15 indicated that the grade of subjects or knowledge base determined the effectiveness of the self-choice elaboration. Finally, the present study clarified that the new elaboration, namely self-choice elaboration, was effective and the effectiveness of the self-choice elaboration were determined by various factors.