Effects of early observation-experiences on cognitive grasping-styles of stimulus patterns in visual illusions.

本研究考察了具有不同观察经验的被试在早期观察阶段如何感知视觉错觉（同化和对比）。由于这些初步响应不稳定，这些早期阶段的观测结果几乎被取消。然而，我相信在这些早期的观察中可以发现重要的线索，因为上述视错觉对具有不同视觉经验的受试者具有不同的外观。结果如下：估计的错觉程度（亮度/色调同化和对比度）表明，幼稚的受试者在第一次观察时感知到的同化程度较低。然而，重复观察会导致同一被试对同化和对比的感知越来越多，且进展不同。被试报告说，他们能够更容易和直接地看到由诱导图（IF）的亮度/色调引起的灰色测试图（TF）的相反亮度/色调（对比度）。另一方面，同化允许黑色/白色或彩色IF（背景）通过几乎透明的灰色TF模糊地出现。当受试者被指示以对比或同化的方式观看图案时，受试者倾向于按照指示的方向改变他们的感知。然而，这些感知转移基本上是由刺激模式中TF与IF的宽度比或周期变化控制的。综上所述，同化和对比在很大程度上受到被试观察条纹图案经验的影响。例如，天真的被试在同化和对比之间的范围内发展出独特的感知（从最初的只有对比，然后是同化和对比）。此外，幼稚和有经验的被试也会通过不同的认知把握方式将他们的感知向更同化或更对比的方向转移

This research investigated how the subjects with various observation-experiences perceive the visual illusions (assimilation and contrast) during their early observing stages. The observation-results in these early stages have been almost canceled as these preliminary responses were unstable. However, I believe that the important clue would be found in these early observations for the above visual illusions having various appearances to the subjects with various visual experiences.Results are as follows. The estimated magnitudes of illusion (brightness/hue assimilation and contrast) indicated that naive subjects perceived less assimilation in the first observation. However, repeated observations caused the same subjects to perceive assimilation and contrast more and more with different progression. And the subjects reported that they were able to see gray test-figure (TF)'s opposite brightness/hue (contrast) induced by inducing-figure (IF)'s brightness/hue more easily and directly. On the other hand, assimilation allowed black/white or colored IF (background) to appear vaguely through almost transparent gray TF.When the subjects were instructed to view patterns with more contrastive or more assimilative style, the subjects tended to shift their perceptions in the direction as instructed. However, these perception-shifts are controlled basically by the width-ratios or cycle-variations of TF to IF in stimulus patterns. In conclusion, assimilation and contrast are greatly affected by subjects' experiences in observing stripe-patterns. For instance, naive subjects develop their perceptions distinctively in the ranges between assimilation and contrast (from only contrast at first, then to both assimilation and contrast). Further, the subjects, naive and experienced, also transfer their perceptions in the direction either to more assimilative or to more contrastive through their different cognitive grasping-styles