Effects of cognitive figure-grasping on the process for the antagonistic phenomena to change in vision from assimilation to contrast or vice versa.

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This study investigated how the cognitive figure-grasping influenced the process for the antagonistic phenomena to change in vision from assimilation to contrast with three main-factors thought to be combined to produce visual illusion. One group of subjects majoring in arts and another group of others, each having the different sets and experiences on the stimulus figures, observed the figures of slanted stripe-patterns for brightness assimilation and contrast and the other group in the different majors also observed the size illusions of concentric circles, squares, and lines for size assimilation and contrast., The results are almost identical through the different majors as follows. (1) The cognitive figure-grasping interacted with the background-frame and division of test and inducing figures (TFs and IFs) in the slanted stripe-patterns. The background-frame expedited assimilation, and the division advanced contrast. (2) The transition from overestimation (assimilation) to underestimation (contrast) was found to be closely related with the depth estimation of the TFs to the IFs under the antagonistic interaction between unity (assimilation) and departure (contrast). (3) The antagonistic "assimilation and contrast" is presumed to constitute the chief main-factors to cause visual illusions.These results were introduced in the sections describing the assimilation and contrast in the visual illusion and the main factors causing visual illusion in Handbook of the Science oflllusion (2005) and other publications.