International Aid to Education in Developing Countries - Strategy and financing of the World Bank -

世界银行在向发展中国家提供国际教育援助方面发挥着主导作用。它不仅是教育外部资金的最大单一来源，而且还提供咨询意见，帮助各国政府制定适合本国情况的教育政策。自1963年以来，世行已向116个国家的610个项目提供了贷款。教育部门的优先事项发生了变化。1990年代，初等教育的入学率迅速增长，而不是集中在高等教育和职业培训上。最初，大多数项目援助是用于建造和装备楼房。最近，投资的重点从硬件转向软件。目前在拉丁美洲执行的五个初级教育项目有一些共同的内容。主要目标是提高教育质量。更加强调导致良好学习效果的因素，如教科书、教师在职培训和创新的教育评价。促进弱势群体享有更大的公平。一份新的拉丁美洲战略文件（1999年）列出了六个关键优先事项。1)包括被排斥者，2）提高教学质量，3）改善从学校到成人世界的过渡，4）使权力下放发挥作用，5）改革高等教育，6）促进教育创新。

The World Bank plays the leading role in the field of international aid to education in developing countries. It is not only the single largest source of external finance for education, but also provides advises to help governments develop educational policies suitable for their circumstances.1. Since 1963, the Bank has lent for 610 projects in 116 countries. Priorities within education sector has changed. Instead of concentrating in higher education and vocational training, the share of rending for primary education has grown rapidly in 1990s. Initially, most project assistance was for constructing and equipping building. Recently, focus of the investment shifts from hardware to software.2. There are some common elements in five primary education projects now implementing in Latin America. The main objective is to improve the quality of education. More emphasis is placed on the elements that lead to good learning results such as textbook, in-service training for teaching staff and innovative educational evaluation. Greater equity for the disadvantaged group is promoted.3. A new Strategy Paper for Latin America (1999) lays out the six key priorities. 1) Including the excluded, 2) Raising the quality of teaching, 3) Improving the transition from school to adult world, 4) Making decentralization work, 5) Reforming tertiary education, 6) Stimulating educational innovations.