Narrative Technique of Early Greek Literature

1. 《奥德赛》（8.266-369）中的第二首歌是关于阿瑞斯和阿芙罗狄蒂通奸的故事，这首歌的特点是强调发明，诙谐地对待众神，语气轻松愉快。这首歌采用了故事中故事的结构。通过这种嵌入的方式，它集中了整部史诗的基本主题，即奥德修斯艰难的回家之旅。讨论集中在第八册的主题二元论和融合的功能上，但有更广泛的含义，因为它与奥德赛作为一个整体的主题有关。关于《阿波罗赞美诗》最具争议的问题之一是关于赞美诗的组成和统一性。台风事件（305-355）的离题被认为是一个插值。然而，在结构和主题上，赞美诗可以被描述为一个整体，龙的离题通过重复和嵌套或嵌入的方式与赞美诗的其余部分联系在一起，这些构成了叙事技巧。赫尔墨斯也许是希腊神话中性格最复杂的神。《赫尔墨斯赞美诗》的叙事手法对人物的表现和文本的结构都有重要的影响。这首赞美诗的叙事特点是：(1)以下级和上级之间的冲突的形式来叙述与阿波罗的冲突；(2)在叙事和崇拜之间建立了一种合理而令人满意的因果关系，描绘了赫尔墨斯的各种属性，尤其是他难以捉摸和矛盾的个性。因此，赫尔墨斯自然表现的主题和主题是相互关联的，两者相互关联，就像对位旋律一样。

1. The second song of Demodokos in the Odyssey(8.266-369) is the story of Ares and Aphrodite's adultery, which is characterised by an emphasis on contrivance, witty treatment of the gods, a light-hearted tone. This song takes the structure of a story within-a-story. By this device of embedding, it focalises the basic themes of the whole epic, namely, Odysseus troubled journey home. The discussion concentrates on this function of thematic dualism and convergence in Book 8, but has wider implications in that it relates to a leitmotif of the Odyssey as a whole.2. One of the most controversial problems about the Hymn to Apollo concerns the composition and unity of the hymn. The digression of the Typhon episode (305-355) has been regarded as an interpolation. However, structurally and thematically the hymn can be described as a unity, the digression of the dragon being linked with the rest of the hymn by the devices of repetition and nesting or embedding that constitute the narrative technique.3. Hermes has perhaps the most complex character of any deity in Greek mythology. The narrative techniques used in the the Hymn to Hermes have an important influence on the presentation of the characters and on the structure of the text. The narrative characteristics of this hymn are : (1) the illustration of the conflict with Apollo in the form of that between inferior and superior ; (2) the development of a plausible and satisfying aetiological relation ship between narrative and cult, delineating the variety of Hermes attributes, and most particularly, his elusive and ambivalent personality. The main theme and the theme of the repre sentations of Hermes nature are thus interrelated, and both relonate with each other, like a contrapuntal melody.