A Study on Okinawa Prefectural Authorities' Plan for The Whole Area Free Trade Zone and The Making of International Cities

冲绳县当局公布了整个地区自由贸易区的未来规划，这在老百姓和经济专家中激起了利弊。然而，对于他们激烈的争论，结果远远低于预期的评估。我认为，主要原因是他们的讨论仍然是肤浅和感伤的，而不是理论上的。反对者中盛行着一种天真而歇斯底里的论调：“如果外国公司自由进入，立即关闭本国公司。”争端结束了，没有任何重大结果。因此，在这项研究中，我想要仔细审视战后国际经济框架是如何建立的，以及世界经济今后的走向，同时追踪新旧的争议：自由贸易与保护。在这里，我将仅限于20世纪上半叶，战后国际经济趋势就是在这一时期形成的。战后的国际经济始于布雷顿…。更多的伍兹体系，也就是国际货币基金组织(IMF)，更具体地说，就是盯住黄金/美元的固定汇率制度。它的主要创始人是英国人J·M·凯恩斯和美国人H·F·怀特，他们都意识到地区主义和报复性关税导致了第一次世界大战。换言之，他们确认了多边支付体系和稳定汇率的必要性和必要性。另一方面，他们在国际支付手段上的观点截然不同。作为国际货币，凯恩斯建议银行是纯管理的，不可兑换的，而白色单位是可兑换的，与黄金挂钩。它们的货币分别反映了各自国家战后的状况。英国需要有一定通货膨胀的扩张性宽松政策，以促进战后经济的恢复：美国需要有通货紧缩的紧缩抑制政策，以保持美元可兑换成黄金，并主导世界经济。这份报告作为第一部分，旨在考察20世纪最伟大的经济学家J·M·凯恩斯的国际贸易理论，并对凯恩斯和怀特的国际货币基金组织计划进行比较研究，以明确冲绳自由贸易区未来所依赖的国际经济前景。较少

The Okinawa prefectural authorities announced the future plan of the whole area free trade zone, which provoked pros and cons among common people as well as economic specialists. For their hot arguments, the results, however, fell far short of expected appraisal. The main reason is, I think, that their discussions remained superficial and sentimental, not theoretical. Among opponents prevailed a naive and hysterical argument : "If foreign firms come in freely, immediately go down home ones." The disputes came to an end without any significant results. In this study I want, therefore, to examine closely how the postwar framework of international economy has been established and where the world economy is hereafter going, while tracing the old and new controversies : free trade versus protection. Here I will confine myself to the first half of the 20th century, in which the postwar tendency of international economy was made up. The postwar international economy started under the Bretton … More Woods system, namely the International Monetary Fund (IMF) organization, to put it more concretely, the fixed exchange rate system pegged to gold/dollar. Its leading founders were the English J.M.keynes and the American H.F.White, both of whom realized that regionalism and retaliatory tariff had led to the first world war. In other words, they confirmed that multilateral payments system and stabilization of foreign exchange rate are necessary and essential. On the other hand, their arguments were quite different on the international means of payment. As international currency, Keynes proposed bancor that was purely managed, non-convertible, while White unitas that was convertible, pegged to gold. Their currencies reflected respectively the postwar positions of their own countries. The U.K.needed expansionary relaxing policy with some inflation to promote its economic restoration after war : the U.S.wanted contractionary restraining policy with some deflation to keep dollar convertible into gold and dominant over the world economy. This report as "part one" intends to scrutinize the international trade theory of the 20 century's greatest economist J.M.Keynes, and to make a comparative examination on keynes and White plans for the International Monetary Fund so as to make clear the prospects of international economy on which the future of Okinawa free trade zone depends. Less