Structural Change of Genman Banking and Finaneial System, 1871-1934

在这个项目中，我希望分析德意志帝国和魏玛共和国时期的德国银行和金融体系，遵循前两年的几项研究。第一，德国银行与金融体系的特征是区域性的、分散的结构，具体表现在德国西南部的区域性银行与金融结构以及作为全能银行的储蓄银行的形成;第二，这种结构受到1907年经济危机和随后的金融改革的影响。第一次世界大战和随后的恶性通货膨胀显著改变了银行和金融体系。在这一时期，柏林大银行吸收了大量的省级银行和个体银行，建立了分行制度。另一方面，到1921年，储蓄银行主要通过修订后的法律，完成了“银行业务”的引进。这样，德意志体系的区域和分裂结构最终在20世纪20年代消失了。第三，柏林大银行与储蓄银行的关系由共存逐渐转变为竞争。储蓄银行在1934年银行业危机时陷入混乱，此后在1934年受到信贷危机的监管。

In this program I wish to analyze the German banking and financial system in the period of the Kaiserreich and the Weimarer Republik, followging the several studies of the preceding two years. As the result, I arrived at three points of new aspetc and fact.First, the German banking and financial system was characterized by the regional and divided structure, with regard to the regional banking and financial structure in the south-west Germany and the formation of saving banks as the universal bank. Second, this structure was influenced by the 1907 economic crisis and the following financial renovation. The banking and financial system was transformed remarkably by World War One, and the following hyper inflation. In this period the Berliner Gro βbanken absorbed a large number of provincial banks and individual banks, and then established branch-bank-system. On the other hand, the saving banks had completed by 1921 introduction of "bankm a βig (bank-tical)" operation mainly by means of the revised law. In so doing the regional and divided structure of the German system eventually disappeared on the 1920's. Third, the relationship of the Berliner Groβbanken with the saving banks changed gradually from coexistence to competition. They had a fierce competitionover acquisition of deposits and credit customers.Saving banks became confused at the time of the banking crisis in 1934, and were thereafter regulated under the Kreditwesengesetz in 1934.