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Savings bank institutions and its industrial finance under the credit control of the Nazi regime

纳粹政权信贷控制下的储蓄银行机构及其产业金融

基本信息

批准号：
16530225
负责人：
MITSUISHI Ikuo
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Shiga University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530225/
关键词：
savings bank Nazi regime state intervention bank institution credit market central bank policy public bond armament finance ナチス金融市場銀行統制経済中小企業信用ドイツ金融恐慌

项目摘要

Public savings bank in the Nazi regime was regarded as a reservoir for the national capital formation and was therefore gradually submitted to the state intervention of the credit control, which aimed at financing to armaments industries. After the financial crisis in July 1931, the savings bank was already regulated by the bank supervision and the interest rate policy of the government. Since Hitler seized a political power in January 1933, the whole country savings bank organization was influenced by personal connections of the Reich government and the Nazi party. For the year of 1935, the government and the Reichsbank tried to decide the policy that bills (Arbeitsbeschaffungs-und Mefowechsel) to possess should be changed by long-term national bond and that the latter should be bought with the liquidity reserve of savings banks. They were forced to manage public bonds, so that their fund, namely, indirectly contributed to the armament finance. But the debt structure conversion from the short to the long-term credit continued only incompletely, because the saving amount expansion was prevented from the tax increase and the preference of other securities and bonds. From 1936 to 39, armament finance of Vierjahresplan was developed due to the continuation of the short bond issues, direct canal from credit institutions and the financial policy of tax increase. The savings bank organization was directly controlled by the war ministry of central government after the beginning of the World War II, under a state intervention into credit market and credit institutions with the aim of armament.

纳粹政权的公共储蓄银行被视为国家资本形成的储存库，因此逐渐屈服于国家干预的信贷控制，其目的是为军备工业提供资金。1931年7月金融危机后，储蓄银行已经受到政府银行监管和利率政策的管制。自1933年1月希特勒掌权以来，整个国家的储蓄银行组织都受到了帝国政府和纳粹党个人关系的影响。1935年，政府和德意志帝国银行试图决定一项政策，即持有的票据（Arbeitsbeschaffungs-und Mefowechsel）应换成长期国债，后者应用储蓄银行的流动性储备购买。他们被迫管理公共债券，因此他们的基金，即间接地为军备财政作出贡献。但由于税收增加和其他证券和债券的偏好阻止了储蓄金额的扩大，债务结构从短期信贷到长期信贷的转换只是不完全地继续下去。从1936年到1939年，由于短期债券发行的持续、信贷机构的直接渠道和增税的财政政策，越南的军备财政得到了发展。第二次世界大战开始后，储蓄银行组织由中央政府陆军部直接控制，国家以军备为目的干预信贷市场和信贷机构。