Voluntariness and the Repatriation of Human Remains from Colonial Contexts (1970-2021)

该分项目审查了从1970年代至今澳大利亚和美国土著祖先遗骸归还的全球历史中非自愿性的含义。它分析了直到今天，后殖民权力关系和非自愿性在遣返背景下如何相互作用。此外，报告还表明，遣返做法与广泛的社会发展密切相关，在过去五十年中，这些发展将土著祖先遗骸的遣返确立为一种规范模式。该分项目的中心，首先，在1970年代和1980年代，在澳大利亚和美国，土著活动家和博物馆代表之间关于土著祖先遗骸归还的冲突。其次，它调查了不同的影响，土著祖先遗骸的基础上博物馆政策在澳大利亚自20世纪80年代末和美国自1990年以来的法律规定的遣返。第三，讨论了从20世纪90年代初到今天，从英国和德国博物馆和收藏品中归还澳大利亚和美国土著祖先遗骸的冲突。在分析方面，该分项目将侧重于从微观和宏观历史角度处理的某些遣返案件。研究基础包括博物馆档案、原住民权利组织的档案记录、口述历史采访和报纸报道。该分项目对研究小组及其在若干方面实现目标至关重要。首先，它从后殖民和全球历史的角度对非自愿性做出了重要贡献。第二，它呼吁注意的意义，非自愿性的背景下，最近加紧辩论殖民内疚，后殖民责任，和遣返。第三，它表明了不断变化的规范伦理框架如何有助于形成对非自愿性的理解，并在目前继续这样做。发表结果将包括一本书的出版物，一篇期刊文章，和至少一篇博客文章。

The sub-project examines the meaning of voluntariness within the global history of the repatriation of Australian and US-American Indigenous Ancestral Remains, from the 1970s to the present. It analyzes how postcolonial power relations and voluntariness interact in repatriation contexts up until today. In addition, it shows that repatriation practices are attached to wide-ranging societal developments that have established the repatriation of Indigenous Ancestral Remains as a normative paradigm over the course of the past five decades. The sub-project centers, first, on the conflicts between Indigenous activists and museum representatives regarding repatriations of Indigenous Ancestral Remains in Australia and the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. Second, it investigates the differing implications of the return of Indigenous Ancestral Remains based on museum policies in Australia since the late 1980s and the legally mandated repatriation in the United States since 1990. Third, it discusses the conflicts over the repatriation of Australian and US-American Indigenous Ancestral Remains from British and German museums and collections from the early 1990s until today. Analytically, the sub-project will focus on selected repatriation cases, which are approached from a micro- and macro-historical perspective. The research base consists of museum files, archival records of Indigenous rights organizations, oral history interviews, and newspaper reports. The sub-project is of vital importance for the Research Group and the achievement of its goals in several regards. First, it significantly contributes to the analysis of voluntariness from a postcolonial and global history perspective. Second, it calls attention to the meaning of voluntariness in the context of recently intensified debates on colonial guilt, postcolonial responsibility, and repatriation. Third, it shows how changing normative-ethical frames contributed to the shaping of understandings of voluntariness and continue to do so at the present. Publication results will encompass a book publication, a journal article, and at least one blog post.