Interpersonal Perception of Athletes

Fiske和Neuberg（1990）提出了一个连续体模型，从主要基于类别的过程到主要基于属性的过程，通过子分类，生成新类别和自我参照等中间过程。该模型认为，知觉者的印象形成的连续体的位置受到信息因素，如分类的难易程度和动机因素，如相互依存结构。以连续体模型为基础，对运动员对对手印象形成过程、信息和动机对对手印象形成过程的影响进行了研究。根据研究结果，提出了以下策略，以有效地抓住对手。重要的是要有尽可能多的注意力资源，并选择最少的注意力消耗方式，这足以确定对对手的有效反应。为了增加 ...更多信息 注意，必须有与比赛相关的高度动机，特别是准确评估对手的动机。在遇到对手时，运动员很快就掌握了能力，并不能帮助有一个预期，这是一个称职的对手或不称职的对手。因此，有必要积极寻找与预期不一致的信息，而不是试图不去想对手。在比赛之前，当你有足够的时间考虑这些信息时，你应该收集正确和直接的信息，并尽可能地将它们整合到正确的总印象中。用于把握对手的类别应该基于运动员的反应（游戏行为）的储备，然后基于类别的印象将足以让运动员选择适当的实用游戏行为。通过识别类别之间的差异和相似性来系统化类别，可能有助于快速创建子类别和新类别。少

Fiske and Neuberg (1990) proposed a continuum model ranging from primarily category-based to primarily attribute-based processes, through such intermediate processes as subcategorizing, generating a new category, and self-referencing. And the model assumed that the position of the perceiver's impression formation on the continuum was influenced by informational factors such as ease of categorization and motivational factors such as interdependence structures. On a basis of the continuum model, some researches were conducted on impression formation processes of athletes, effects of information and motivation upon the process of forming an impression of an opponent. From the findings the following strategies were suggested for grasping an opponent effectively. It is important to have the largest resource of attention as possible and to choose the least attention-consuming manner which is enough to determine the effective reaction toward the opponent. In order to increase the resource of … More attention it is necessary to have a high motivation relating to the competition, especially a motivation to size up the opponent accurately. Upon encountering the opponent athletes quickly grasp the competence and can not help having an expectancy that it is a competent opponent or a incompetent opponent. Thus it is necessary to actively search for information inconsistent to the expectancy rather than try not to think about the opponent. Until the competition, while you have plenty of time for considering the information, you should gather correct and direct information and integrate them into a correct total impression as possible. Categories used for grasping an opponent should be based on the athlete's repertory of reactions (playing behaviors), and then an impression based on the category would be adequate for the athlete to select an appropriate practicable playing behavior. Systematizing the categories through recognizing differences and similarities among them might facilitate creating sub-categories and new categories quickly. Less