Studies on ecological genetics of annual grass (Aegilops spp.) in the Eastern Mediterranean Areas.

1)采用杂交种染色体配对和C-分带等方法，对红腹龙属Sitopsis组的物种进行了染色体多态性检测。（2）利用同工酶研究了羊草属（Sect. Sitopsis）5个种的遗传变异。结果表明，它们可分为两大类，一类为Ae; Speltoides和Ae.双角山隆吉西马山，巴西-地Searsil和Ae. 3）建立了同工酶实验的标准程序，包括凝胶和电极缓冲液以及染色方法。（4）对山羊草属（Aegilops comosa）和普通小麦属（Triticum）的21个酶位点进行了遗传变异分析。单芒麦属（Uniaristata），两种均隶属于Aegiops属的偃麦草组（Comopyrum）。在Ae。结果表明，在Ae. Comosa和Ae.单芒类的平均值分别为1.19和0.143。（5）对山羊草属山羊草组所有多倍体种的二倍体基因组供体--伞形山羊草（Aegilops umbellulata）的15个酶位点进行了遗传变异分析。每个位点的等位基因数（A=2.01）和多态位点比例（P=0.627）与目前报道的山羊草属其他物种的等位基因数和多态位点比例基本一致。根据同工酶变异计算了5个地区的遗传距离，结果表明，来自希腊群岛的材料与其他4个大陆地区（伊朗和伊拉克、土耳其东南部、土耳其中部和土耳其南部和西部）的亲缘关系较远。

1) Several methods including chromosome pairings in hybrids and C-banding were used to detect chromosomal polymorphism in species belonging to Section Sitopsis of Aegiops. However, new data could not be added to the previous reports.2) Genetic variation was studied using isozymes in five Aegilops species of Sect. Sitopsis. The results indicated that they were classified into two groups, one consists of Ae. Speltoides and the other contains four species, Ae. Bicornis, Ae. Longissima, Ae. Searsil and Ae. Sharonensis.3) Standard procedure for isozyme experiments including gel and electrode buffers and staining methods were established. This method covers 26 enzymes and can be used in all the Aegilops and Triticum species.4) Genetic variation at 21 enzyme loci was studied in Aegilops comosa and Ae. Uniaristata, the two species belonging to section Comopyrum of Aegiops. In Ae. Comosa, the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.00 and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.667 ; in Ae. Uniaristata they were 1.19 and 0.143, respectively. The two species were genetically distant from each other (I=0.561) supporting the previously assigned different genome symbols, M and N.5) Genetic variation at 15 enzyme loci was studied in gene bank accessions of Aegilops umbellulata the diploid genome donor to all the polyploid species of the section Aegilops of Aegilops. The number of alleles per locus (A=2.01) and the proportion of polymorphic loci (P=0.627) were similar to those of the other species of Aegilops so far reported. Genetic distances calculated from isozyme variations among five regions revealed that accessions from the Greek Islands are more distantly related to the other four continental regions, Iran and Iraq, Southeast Turkey, Central Turkey and South and West Turkey.