CORRELATIVE STUDIES OF FUNGI AND PLANTS DURING THE PALEOZOIC TO MESOZOIC BASED ON FOSSIL EVIDENCE

从澳大利亚昆士兰古生代和日本北海道中生代的过矿化化石中发现了许多漏斗化石。在北海道含有植物和真菌遗骸的钙化根瘤中，在《国际植物研究杂志》上描述了三个不完善的真菌新种：Archephoma cycadeoidellae，Menisicoideisporites cretacea，Palaeodiplodites yezoens，每个新属都属于新属。其他一些保存得很差的真菌形体还需要进一步研究。这些结果在很大程度上有助于对缺乏中生代真菌累积证据的化石真菌的研究。在澳大利亚二叠纪过矿化的泥炭中，在植物组织或泥炭基质中发现了可能的卵菌、子囊菌和无法识别的真菌形态的遗迹。由于材料的保存条件出人意料地差，细节应该更仔细地检查。北海道的大部分真菌可能是腐生的。然而，现存的Phoma属的一些物种是致病的，可以与化石Archephoma进行近距离的比较。这些致病物种起源于后白垩纪植被中的腐生物种，在这些腐生物种中，被子植物继续多样化。目前真菌分子系统学的进展可能会加强化石证据对更好地了解真菌系统发育的重要性。由于缺乏足够的化石信息，无法深入讨论与真菌和植物的生态相关性。

Many fossil fugimorphs were recovered from permineralized fossils from the Paleozoic of Queensland, Australia, and the Mesozoic of Hokkaido, Japan. Within calsified nodules from Hokkaido containing both plant and fungal remains, three new species of inperfect fungi, Archephoma cycadeoidellae, Menisicoideisporites cretacea, Palaeodiplodites yezoensis, each belonging to new genus, have been described in International Journal of Plant Research. Some other rather poorly preserved fungimorphs need further investigation. These results largely contribute to the study of fossil fungi that lacks cumulative evidence on the Mesozoic fungi.In the Permian permineralized peat from Australia were found remains of possible Oomycetes, Ascomycetes, and unidentifiable fungiform in either in plant tissues or in peat matrix. Because of unexpectedly poor preservatory condition of the material, details should be more carefully examined.Most of the Hokkaido fungi were probably saprophytic. However, some species of the extant genus Phoma, which can be closely compared to the fossil Archephoma, are pathogenic. Such pathogenic species have originated from saprophytic species in post-Cretaceous vegetation in which Angiosperms continued to diversify. Present progress in molecular phylogeny of fungi may strengthen the importance of fossil evidence as was revealed in this study for better understanding of fungal phylogeny.Lack of sufficient fossil information prevented from deeply discussing the ecological correlations with fungi and plants.