A Sociological Study on Norm Consciousness

本研究项目的主要目的是阐明战后日本社会规范的变化过程。2000年，也就是本研究项目的第一年，我们进行了问卷调查，以调查日本人的生活方式、规范意识和价值取向。在本次社会研究中，我们关注了日本社会的三个核心规范：(1)性别规范，(2)资历规范，(3)医疗规范(特别是人们对知情同意的态度)。2001年，也就是本研究项目的第二年，我们对收集到的数据进行了各种统计分析。在对收集到的数据进行分析的过程中，我们主要采用的方法是多元回归分析和逻辑回归分析。因此，我们获得了以下四个发现。(1)在性别规范方面，我们发现对性别分工的负面看法有增加的趋势。然而，我们同时发现了阻碍男人做家务的机制。(2)在资历规范方面，在意识层面上，多数人倾向于将功绩制(即政绩原则)向资历制倾斜。但事实上，在工作场所，功绩制和资历制都是采用的。(3)在医疗规范方面，发现医务人员与非医务人员之间存在差距。此外，我们还发现医生和护士之间存在意见分歧。(4)通过三个发现，我们得出结论：日本人的规范意识正在缓慢地发生变化。

The main objective of this research project is to elucidate the process of change of norms in postwar Japanese society. In 2000, the first year of this research project, we carried out social research with a qustionnaire in order to investigate life style, norm consciousness and value orientation in Japanese people. In this social research, we paid attention to the three core norms in Japanese society ; (1)gender norms, (2)seniority norms, (3)norms about medical care(especially people's attitude to informed consent).In 2001, the second year of this research project, we did various statistical analyses of collected data. In this analyzing process of collected data, the principal methods we adopted are multiregreession analysis and logisitic regression analysis. As a result, we acquired the following four findings. (1)With regard to gender norms, we found increasing tendency of a negative view about sexual division of labor. Nevertheless, at the same time we found the mechanism which hinders men from doing houseworks. (2)With regard to seniority norms, on the consciousness level, most people are inclined to prfer merit system(in order words, achievement principle) to seniority system. But, in fact, in workplaces both merit system and seniority system are adopted. (3)With regard to norms about medical care, we found a gap between medical professionals and non medical professionals. Furthermore, we also found a difference of opinion between medical doctors and nurses. (4)Through three findings, we concluded that norm consciousness of Japanese people has slowly changed.