A comparative Historical Study of the Space Structure and Village Boundary Rituals of the Medieval Japan

我们对志贺县高岛县Shim-Asahi镇的一个中世纪村落空间进行了综合性和恢复性研究。我们运用了许多古老的和现存的地方景观知识，传统的民俗仪式，调查了村落空间和边界对村民的意义。新朝日曾经是一个名为Kozunosho的庄园，是由Sanmon拥有并直接经营的最重要的庄园之一。它是尾身和和沙之间的交通基地，小津港对Biwa湖的水上交通很重要。之前对三门庄园的研究因缺乏原始材料而受到限制。Kozunosho提供了丰富的资料来源，例如1422年的Kenchucho(由Aeba Masatake先生所有)(OEI29)。因此，这一地区是研究桑门庄园本质的一个有价值的案例。这一地区的村庄具有中世纪村庄的各种特征，包括梯田、位于古代主干道(古北路、西尾岛)和…上的位置从1999年到2001年，我们对以前庄园地区的12个地点进行了调查。我们考察了运河系统、常用地名和传统仪式的特点，重点考察了村里有意义的节日、葬礼和墓葬系统。我们的研究揭示了中世纪时期一个高度发达的村庄的状况。我们还建立了研究资料的数据库(幸野修和池池幸男)。据说，在日本的村庄里，血统的重要性不如中国或朝鲜，但领土纽带更强。领土纽带的发展以近海地区最为明显。为了在更广阔的东亚视角下识别日本村落的特征，我们还在冲绳、韩国、中国和台湾进行了研究。我们收集了有关村门和边界护身符等符号的文献，以比较这些地方与日本的异同。较少

We conducted a compreensive and restorative study of a Medieval village space of Shim-Asahi town, Takashima countly, Shiga prefecture. Using many ancient and existing local knowledge of landscape, traditional folk rituals, we investigated what village space and boundary signifies to villagers. Shin-Asahi town was once a manor called Kozunosho, one of the most important ones owned and directly ran by Sanmon. It was the traffic base between Omi and Wakasa with the Kozu Harbor important for waterborne traffic on Lake Biwa.Previous research into the manors of Sanmon has been limited by a lack of source materials. Kozunosho provides a rich source of informative documents such as Kenchucho (owned by Mr. Aeba Masatake) dated 1422 (Oei 29). Thus this area is a valuable case study into the essence of Sanmon manors. The villages in this area have various characteristics of Medieval villages, including terraced rice fields, position on ancient main roads (Ancient Hokuriku-do, Nishi-Omi-do) and on … More e in the flood plain of the lake.From 1999 to 2001, we investigated twelve locations in the former manor area. We investigated features of canal systems, commonly used place names and traditional rituals, focusing on festivals, funerals and tomb system that where of significance within the village. Our research revealed conditions of a highly developed village during the Medieval Period. We also established a database of the research materials (Kozunosho Kenchucho and Kozunosho Hikidencho).It is said that in a Japanese village the significance of bloodline is less than in China or Korea but the territorial bond is stronger. The development of territorial bond is most obvious in the Kinki region, especially in Omi.To identify the features of the Japanese villages within a wider East Asian perspective, we also researched in Okinawa, Korea, China and Taiwan. We collected documents about symbols such as village gates and boundary talismans to compare similarities and differences between those places and Japan. Less