THE BASIC STUDY OF THE WILD PIG REMAINS FROM THE ISLANDS(IZU ISLANDS, TOKYO AND HOKKAIDO)

在伊豆群岛(大岛、Toshima、Niijima、Miyakejima、Hatijojima)和北海道发现了绳状野猪，那里现在没有野猪可以生存。对这一现象的主要假设是，所罗门人把它们从本州带到岛屿上，并驯化了它们。我们检查了出土于北海道8处遗址和伊豆群岛6处遗址的考古骨骼遗迹，以及本州的28处遗址，作为与伊豆群岛和北海道遗址的参照。古代野猪的长体指数(LSI)表明，北海道种群大于本州种群，但伊豆群岛种群显著小于本州种群。从牙齿萌出和磨损的估计分析来看，北海道和伊豆群岛种群与本州种群不同，虽然本州种群由幼年动物到完全成年动物组成，但群岛种群缺乏亚成体动物。另一方面，线粒体DNA分析被系统发育归入日本野猪(Sus Scrofa Leucomystax)，表明这些岛屿的野猪是由人类从本州带到那里的。并对不同地理位置的日本野猪的下颌骨进行了观察。对体型和体型地理变异的分析表明，寒冷地区的体型大于温暖地区。然而，矮小性不应简单地从大小上分开，因为它可能与岛屿的大小和海拔以及Bergmann的规则有关。这一结果将有助于这种动物是由古人引入岛上的，但在未来，我们应该研究驯化的可能性在柔门期。

Jomon wild pigs have been found in Izu Islands(Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Miyakejima, Hatijojima)and Hokkaido where no wild pigs can survive now. The major hypothesis for this phenomenon is that Jomon people carried them into islands from Honshu and domesticated them. We examined archaeological bone remains, excavated from 8 sites, Hokkaido and 6 sites, Izu Islands, furthermore 28 sites from Honshu as references to those from Izu Islands and Hokkaido. Long Size Index(LSI)of ancient wild pigs certifies that Hokkaido populations is larger than Honshu groups, but Izu Islands population was significantly smaller than Honshu groups. From the analyses of the estimation of tooth eruption and wear, Hokkaido and Izu Islands populations differ from Honshu population, namely the Islands populations lack subadult animals, although Honshu populations is composed from young animals to fully adult animals.On the other hand, the analysis of mitochondrial DNA were phylogenetically classified into the Japanese wild pig(Sus scrofa leucomystax)and suggested that the Islands wild pigs were carried by people into there from Honshu. And the mandibles of the Japanese wild pigs from various geographical locations were examined. The analyses of the geographical variation of size and shape has been suggested that the body size is larger in colder districts than in warmer ones. However, the dwarfishness should not be easily split only from the size, because it might be concern with the size of island and the altitude as wall as the Bergmann's rule.These result will contribute that this animals was introduced to the Islands by ancient people, however, in the future, we should examine the possibility of domestication in Jomon period.