The basic research of the ancient glass production in East Asia

本研究旨在全面阐明东亚古代玻璃生产。他们花了三年时间研究材料，制作工具和产品。第一年发现了制作玻璃和玻璃珠所必需的贝壳形玻璃熔壶和小珠模具，第二年发现了玻璃器物，最后一年发现了与玻璃生产有关的铅玻璃彩陶。因此，在古代东亚地区，特别是日本和朝鲜，在公元前6世纪至公元前8世纪使用了贝壳形玻璃熔炉。这些出土于日本的20个遗址，韩国的3个遗址。它们都是用来制造铅玻璃的，而且韩国的更古老。在韩国，不仅在百济地区，在新罗地区也发现了这种材料。在日本的20个遗址和韩国的20个遗址中发现了小珠子的模具，这些遗址的年代从以前的高陵时期（公元前4亿年以下）到奈良时期（公元前8亿年以下）。韩国的更古老，更有可能是在日本挖掘的一些模具是从韩国带来的。”通过对韩国和日本的比较，可以看出以下几点。(1)除了在新罗墓葬中发现的玻璃器皿外，玻璃制品基本上都是珠子。(2)玻璃的种类随着时代的变化而变化，韩国和日本都有铅钡玻璃（铅玻璃）、钾玻璃、钠石灰玻璃、高铅玻璃。这两个国家的这些变化非常相似。(3)至于铅玻璃彩陶，韩国和日本也有共同之处。一开始，铅玻璃被用于制作屋顶瓦片等物品，后来被用于制造容器。可以看出，韩国和日本的玻璃熔罐和小珠子模具的形状、玻璃类型的变化、铅玻璃釉面陶器的外观都非常相似。因此，推测日本古代玻璃制作技术是在公元前6 ~ 7世纪直接从朝鲜传入的但这种技术可能起源于中国。为了了解东亚古代玻璃生产，需要对中国出土的玻璃制品、制玻璃工具和铅玻璃彩陶进行研究。少

This research aims at the comprehensive elucidation about the ancient glass production in East Asia. It took three years to research into the materials, making tools and products. At the first year, shell-shaped glass melting pots and molds for small beads, which are necessary to make glass and glass beads were dated At the next year, excavated glass objects, and lead glass glazed pottery related to glass production at the last year.As a result, in Ancient East Asia especially Japan and Korea, shell-shaped glass melting pots were used in 6th to 8^<th> B.C. These were excavated from 20sites in Japan, 3sites in Korea. Each of them were used for makinglead glass, and Korean ones are older. In Korea, such materials were found in not only Paekche area, but also Silla area. Molds for small beads were excavated from 20sites in Japan which are dated from the previous Ko fun period (4^<th> B.C.) to Nara period (8^<th> B.C.), and frpm Ssites in Korea. Korean ones are older and there is possibili … More ty that some molds excavated in Japan were brought from Korea.By making comparison between Korea and Japan, the followings become clear. (1) Except for glass vessel found from the burial mound of Silla, glass products are basically beads. (2) The types of glass had changed with the times, lead barium glass(lead glass), potash glass, soda lime glass, high-lead glass, both in Korea and Japan. These changes in both country are very similar. (3) As to lead glass glazed pottery in Korea and Japan are also in common. At first, lead glass was used for making objects such as roof-tiles, and after that, applied to vessels.It is clear that, the shapes of glass melting pots and molds for small beads, the change of glass type, the appearance of lead glass glazed pottery are very similar in Korea and Japan. Therefore, it is supposed that ancient glass making technique in Japan was directly imported from Korea in the last of 6^<th>B.C.-7^<th>B.C. But that technique might have originated in China. For the purpose of understanding the ancient glass production in East Asia, glass products, glass-making tools and lead-glass glazed pottery excavated in China should be studied. Less