Comprehensive research on ancient glass and lead-glazed pottery excavated in Japan and Korea

本研究旨在全面了解东亚古代玻璃制造技术。具体方法是，在日本古坟时代和韩国三国时代之后，收集了玻璃和与玻璃制作有关的物品，并挖掘了与玻璃制作密切相关的铅釉陶器。在此基础上，我进行了整体的学习。研究古代日本、韩国玻璃制造的器物有珠（主要产品）、炮弹形坩埚（制造工具之一）、小珠模具等。分析结果表明，两国使用的玻璃都是含铅玻璃，使用的是同一种工具，而且两国开始制造玻璃的时间间隔约为100年，分别是6世纪后半叶的韩国和7世纪后半叶的日本。此外，我还收集并研究了石器墨迹，以明确国内铅釉的开始时间……更多的陶器和它的传播速度。得到了以下结果：日本出土的砚台有5000多块，其中铅釉砚台不足10块。他们的日期在7和9世纪有一个高峰，没有在8世纪（奈良时期）。7世纪的其中一个很有可能是国内生产的。它的分析结果与三彩铅釉陶（奈良三彩）相似，关于三彩铅釉陶的分析结果已经有很多报道。因此，在日本，铅釉陶器的生产开始于7世纪后半叶的可能性很高，但此后的传播率极低，甚至在8世纪后期（奈良时期）。在韩国也有类似的过程。如上所述，在古代日本和朝鲜，玻璃和铅釉陶的制作技术及其传播速度极为普遍，但在制造之初就认识到大约100年的时间滞后。而且这项技术最初并不是在这两个国家发展起来的，而是受到中国（隋唐）技术的影响。少

It is for a purpose of this study to understand an ancient glass manufacturing technique in East Asia integrally. As a concrete method, I limited the periods, after Kofun period in Japan and after Three Kingdoms period in Korea, collected glass, objects related to glass manufacture and excavated lead-glazed pottery that closely related to the glass manufacture. Based on them, I studied integrally.Artifacts to study ancient Japan, Korean glass manufacture are beads (main products), cannonball-shape crucibles (one of the manufacturing tools), small beads molds and so on. As a result of the analysis, it became clear that glass used in both country was lead glass, that they used a common tools, and that there are about 100 yeas time lag between the starts of glass making in both country, in Korea in the later half of 6th century and in Japan in the later half of 7th century.In addition, I collected and studied the stoneware inkslub to clarify the time of beginning of a domestic lead-glazed … More pottery and it's spread rate. The following result were obtained.The number of stoneware inkslab excavated in Japan is over 5000,in among them, lead-glazed ones are only less than 10. The date of them has a peak in 7th and 9th century and there is not in the 8th century (Nara Period). And the possibility that one of them in 7th century was domestic production is high. The it's analysis results is similar to three-color-lead-glazed pottery (Nara sansai), about which, many analysis results have reported already. Therefore, in Japan, the possibility that the production of lead-glazed pottery started in the latter half in the seventh century is high in Japan, but it is thought that the spread rate was extremely low afterwards, even in die eighth century (Nara Period). A similar process is admitted in Korea.As mentioned above, in ancient Japan and Korea, manufacturing technique of glass and lead-glazed pottery and it's spread rate are extremely common, but the time lag of about 100 years is recognized in the beginning of manufacture. And the technology was not originally developed in both country, but influenced by the technology in China (Sui/Tang Dynasty). Less