The Inside and Outside of LF-A Study of the Current Minimalist Program

首先，已经考虑了c指挥权的概念。C-命令的结构关系不是由最简理论中的结构构建操作合并直接提供的，而是由关系的组合，即姐妹和包含的组合而给出的。因此，c-命令关系是一种二次关系，是复杂性理论意义上的一种涌现性质。正是在这个意义上，c命令是以狭义语法定义的。狭义语法本身并不是“有意”构建这种关系的。正是在这一点上，c-命令的涌现关系在狭义句法中没有被(至关重要的)使用。其次，对语言与外部系统(如思维系统和认知系统)之间的关系提出了新的见解。作为一个例子，我们仔细研究了LF/谓词和认知系统之间的关系。狭义句法构建LF，谓词解释应用于LF，派生出谓词的语义解释。谓词的基本含义是将一个一般概念应用于特定的实体。认知的外部系统中的对应物是概念的上位和下位。支配地位的发展使得用语言表达谓词成为可能，就像在一句基本句子中所看到的那样：“狗是一种动物。”

First, the notion of c-command has been considered. The structural relation of c-command is not directly provided by the structure-building operation Merge in the Minimalist theory, but is given by the composition of relations, that is, the composition of sister and contain. Thus the relation of c-command is a secondary relation, and is an emergent property in the sense of the complexity theory. It is in this sense that c-command is defined in narrow syntax. It is not the case that narrow syntax itself "intentionally" constructs this relation. It is here that the emergent relation of c-command is not (crucially) used in narrow syntax.Second, a new insight has been given concerning the relationship between language and external systems such as systems of thought and cognition. As an example, the relation between LF/predication and the cognitive system has been closely examined. Narrow syntax builds LF, and predication interpretation applies to it, deriving the semantic interpretation of predication. The fundamental meaning of predication is that a general concept is applied to a particular entity. The counterpart in the external system of cognition is the superordination and subordination of concepts. The development of superordination lets predication in language possible, as is seen in a basic sentence like "A dog is an animal."