Intellectual Property Right and Innovation

本研究分析了知识产权在日本促进创新中的作用，主要集中在专利方面。它涉及三个领域。一是知识产权实力与创新的关系。研究发现，20世纪90年代后期，日本研发密集型产业的许可费涨幅较大，知识产权保护力度明显加大。它还研究了知识产权在累积创新和有效的交叉许可合同条款中的作用。第二个研究领域是知识产权的国际方面。从理论上分析了国际知识产权枯竭对R&D激励和研究成果使用效率的影响。文章认为，控制平行进口专利权只应作为一种强制执行垂直合同的措施来实施地域限制。它还研究了知识产权在转型国家和发展中国家私有化进程中的作用。第三个研究领域是未来几年的知识产权政策。对专利池和技术标准进行了分析。阐明了在什么情况下企业间合作对技术标准创新具有重要意义，(2)为什么这种合作有时会因为外来者的出现而失败，(3)在企业间合作专利池的情况下，如何确保竞争。这项研究还涵盖了知识产权侵权的高效损害赔偿制度。

This research has analyzed the role of intellectual property right (IPR) in promoting innovation in Japan, focusing mainly on patent. It has addressed three areas. The first one is the relationship between the strength of IPR and innovation. The research has found that licensing fees in Japan have increased significantly more in R＆D intensive industry in the latter period of 1990s during which the IPR protection had been strengthened significantly. It has also studied the role of IPR in cumulative innovation and efficient contract terms of cross licensing.The second area of research is international aspect of IPR. It has analyzed theoretically how international exhaustion of IPR affects incentive for R＆D and efficiency of the use of research results. It argues that the patent right for controlling parallel imports should be used only as a measure to enforce vertical contract for territorial restriction. It has also studied the role of IPRs in the privatization process in transition and developing countries.The third research area is the IPR policy in coming years. It has analyzed patent pool and technical standard. It has clarified under what circumstances inter-firm cooperation becomes important for innovating technical standard, (2) why such cooperation fails sometimes due to the appearance of outsiders and (3) how competition can be ensured despite inter-firm cooperation for patent pool. The research has also covered the efficient damage recovery system for infringement of IPR.