Development of Educational Materials and their System of Presentation ; Responding to Needs of Area Residents for Residential Nursing/Elderly Care and Advice on Healthy Living

本研究涉及健康相关多媒体教材的开发、呈现和评估，以回应地区居民的日常需求。其目的是以实际的方式阐明最适当的内容和提供与健康有关的信息的方法，这些信息既容易获得，又能满足居民的各种需要。教育材料开发：利用参与这项研究的研究人员的专业知识和地区居民需求评估的结果，已经开发了1)住宿护理/老年人护理材料，“在没有过度精神或身体痛苦的情况下照顾身体废物：成人尿布”，以及2)说明健康的体育活动，“日常运动有益于健康”。主要的视听材料在标准的五分钟时间内介绍一个主题。内容以故事的形式或作为主题信息的集合呈现。此外，原则上每个单元介绍一个主题，将一系列相关单元组合成一门课程。因此，观众可以选择只观看相关单元或整个课程，以更系统的方式获取信息。教材呈现方式：各种教材的基本概念是居民自己可以通过自学来学习信息，尽管这些教材也可以在小组教育环境中使用，例如工作坊或研讨会。这些教育材料以四种不同的媒介制作，以评估为居民在家中或工作场所“在正确的时间提供正确的信息”的最佳方式。这些媒体包括有线电视（广播媒体）、供个人电脑使用的VHS视频和CD-ROM（打包媒体）和互联网视频点播（点播媒体）。教材评价：针对教材内容及呈现方式的评价，对地区居民及学生进行纸质问卷调查。内容方面，共有137人对居家养老材料进行评估；有139人在观看有线电视节目后对健康体育活动资料进行评价，288人在观看录像或光盘后对健康体育活动资料进行评价。在表达方式方面，共有46名学生等518人参与问卷调查，其中137人观看了住宿护理/老年护理材料，381人观看了健康体育活动材料。关于材料的内容（主题、形式、时间框架等），结果是积极的。然而，在呈现方法上，由于环境的限制，我们无法获得充分的评价结果。我们认为有必要进一步审查与在互联网上搜索和观看这些教育材料的有效性有关的问题，包括组织和经济问题。然而，目前的研究表明，在方便地获取各种健康相关信息方面，有相当大的潜力可以建立一个响应地区居民需求的系统。少

This research involves the development, presentation and evaluation of health-related multimedia educational materials in response to the everyday needs of area residents. The purpose is to clarify in a practical way the most appropriate content and presentation method of health-related information that is easily accessible and responsive to the various needs of residents.1. Educational Materials Development : Using the expertise of researchers involved in this research and the results of area resident needs assessment, materials have been developed 1) for residential nursing/elderly care, "Taking Care of Bodily Wastes without Undue Mental or Physical Pain : Adult Diapers," and 2) illustrating healthy physical activities, "Daily Exercise for Good Health." The mainly audiovisual materials introduce one theme during a standard five-minute period. The content is presented in story format or as a collection of information on the theme. Furthermore, in principle, one topic is introduced per … More unit, and a series of related units is assembled into a course. The viewer can thus choose to watch only the pertinent units or the entire course, to acquire the information in a more systematic way.2. Educational Materials Presentation Methods : The underlying concept of the various educational is that residents themselves can learn the information through self-study, although the materials can also be used in a group educational setting, such as a workshop or seminar. The educational materials have been produced in four different mediums to assess the best way to provide residents in their homes or workplaces with "the right information at the right time." These mediums include cable television (broadcast media), VHS video and CD-ROM for PC use (packaged media) and Internet Video-on Demand (on-demand media).3. Educational Materials Evaluation : Regarding evaluation of educational materials content and presentation method, a paper questionnaire was given to area residents and students. Regarding content, a total of 137 persons evaluated the residential nursing/elderly care materials ; a total of 139 evaluated the healthy physical activities materials after watching them on cable television, and a total of 288 evaluated the same materials after watching them on video or CD-ROM. Concerning the method of presentation, 46 students and others (518 in total) responded to the questionnaire : 137 who watched the residential nursing/elderly care materials and 381 who watched the materials about healthy physical activities. Regarding the content of materials (themes, format, timeframe, etc.), results were positive. Regarding the method of presentation, however, due to environmental constraints we were unable to obtain sufficient evaluation results. We believe it necessary to further examine the issues, including organizational and economic, pertaining to the effectiveness of searching for and viewing these educational materials over the Internet. The present research, however, suggests that there is considerable potential for a system responsive to the needs of area residents in easily accessing various health-related information. Less