Improvement of communication disabilities in aphasia patients

为了明确失语症患者的沟通障碍，我们观察了中、重度失语症住院患者的沟通方式。研究结果显示，能重复单词和短语的患者经常使用“询问”进行交流，而不会重复的患者则经常使用“点头”。其次，为了缩短急性期进行失语症标准语言测试(SLTA)所需的时间，并简化用于严重失语症患者的床边测试，我们试图提取最重要的测试项目。研究对象为111例右利手失语患者(男77例，女34例)。患者平均年龄(60.1±1.08)岁。失语原因为脑血管疾病92例，脑肿瘤15例，颅脑损伤4例。重度失语29例，中度失语47例，轻度失语35例。第一主成分由“听”和“读”两个测试项目组成，第二主成分由“写作”测试项目组成，第三主成分由“说”测试项目组成。对SLTA中的25个项目进行了多元分析(主成分分析)，确定了最重要的13个测试项目。这13个项目包含了语言功能测试的四个基本条件(即听、说、写和读)，约占SLTA测试项目的一半。这种简化的SLTA可以在相对较短的时间内进行，对床边失语症筛查很有用。

In order to clarify communication disabilities in aphasia patients, we observed how inpatients with moderate to severe aphasia communicate. The results showed that patients who could repeat words and phrases often used "asking"for communication purposes, while those who could not repeat often used "nodding'. Next, to shorten the amount time required to perform the Standard Language Test of Aphasia (SLTA) in the acute phase and to abridged bedside test to be used on patients with severe aphasia, we attempted to extract most important test items. Subjects were 111 right-handed patients (77men, 34women) diagnosed with aphasia. The age (mean± SD) of these patients was 60.1±1.08 years. Cause of aphasia was cerebrovascular disease in 92patients, brain tumor in 15, and traumatic head injury in 4. Severity of aphasia was severe in 29patients, moderate in 47, and mild in 35. The first principal comportment consisted of "Listening" and "reading" test items : the second principal component consisted of "writing" test items : and the third principal component consisted of "speaking" test items. The 25 items in the SLTA were subjected to multivariate analysis (analysis of principal components), and the 13 most important test items were identified. These 13 items contain the four essential conditions (i. e. , listening, speaking, writing and reading) for language function tests, and represent about half of the entire SLTA test items. This abridged SLTA can be conducted in a relatively short period of time and is useful for bedside screening for aphasia.