The relationship between sport promotion and city development

日本的体育推广始于以地方政府和企业为主导的“社会”时代，到以居民自发参与体育为基础的“社区体育”时代。随着时间的推移和体育行为模式的改变，“终身体育”时代应运而生。为了适应新时代，我们需要的是一个有吸引力的体育赛事和易于进入的社区体育俱乐部。然而，体育推广系统组织不健全，难以快速响应变化的体育需求。本研究的目的是了解日本体育与社区发展关系的基本情况。为此，作者调查了三个不同的案例。这些是：(1)以体育赛事为催化剂的城市发展（秋田县与世界运动会、札幌市与FIFA世界杯、野冈市与体育赛事）、(2)通过地方体育推广的城市振兴（神户市与体育NPO、福冈市与社区体育项目、岩田市与地方货币）、(3)建立城市与职业体育的系统关系。结果发现，居民、地方自治团体、企业等相关团体的各种宣传活动，激活了体育与社区的系统关系。换句话说，各种各样的宣传努力成为诱发当地创新的触发器，从而在当地社区的各种组织之间产生合作。

Sport promotion in Japan started from the era of "Shakai-taiiku," which mainly led by the local government and the corporation, to the era of "Community sport" based upon resident's spontaneous sport participation. As time goes on and the pattern of sport behavior changed, the era of "Life-long sport" emerged. To cope with the new era, what we need is an attractive sporting event and community sport club which is easy to access. However, the sport promotion system is not well organized and difficult to respond quickly changing sport needs. The purpose of this study is to acquire basic information regarding the relationship between sport and community development in Japan. To do so, the authors investigated three different cases. These are : (1)the development of the city through sport event as a catalyst (Akita prefecture and the Worlds Games, Sapporo city and FIFA World Cup, and Nobeoka city and Athletic event), (2)revitalization of the city through local sport promotion (Kobe city and sport NPO, Fukuoka city and community sport program, Iwata city and the local currency), and (3)the establishment of the systematic relationship between the city and professional sport. The authors found that a variety of promotional effort conducted by the resident, the local government, the corporations, and other related organizations activated the systematic relationship between sport and community. In other words, a variety of promotional effort became a trigger to induce local innovation that produced collaboration among diverse organizations in the local community.