STUDY OF THE LIPID DETERGENCY PROCESS AS OBSERVED BY THE QUARTZ MICROBALANCE METHOD

化学增溶是纺织品脱土过程中的一个重要环节。本研究将实时观察阴离子和非离子表面活性剂对石英晶体微天平金电极表面三棕榈醇、三叶草醇、十六醇、棕榈酸和猪油等固体脂质的去除过程。在25℃和30℃的pH 7.0-12.5的沐浴液中，在覆盖其cmc的宽浓度范围内添加表面活性剂。脂质首先膨胀到重量的一半左右，然后根据表面活性剂种类、浓度和pH值的不同，以特定的速率被去除。去除发生在足够低于cmc的地方，这表明胶束不一定参与溶解过程。阴离子表面活性剂的速率在其cmc范围内趋于平稳，而非离子表面活性剂的速率在浓度范围内进一步增加。洗浴液的碱度在很大程度上提高了溶胀度和去除率。这些观察结果将用于解释脂质去除的分子过程。固体脂类的去除过程为溶胀，然后表面活性剂以非胶束形式增溶。2. 随着pH值的增加和表面活性剂浓度的增加，脂质膨胀加剧。3. 脂质的去除肯定是从表面活性剂的cmc以下进行的。使用阴离子表面活性剂时，表观去除率趋于平稳，而使用非离子表面活性剂时，表观去除率进一步提高。4. 通过测量频率和导纳，可以观察到底物脂肪污垢的消除过程和外观粘度的变化。

Chemical solubilization of lipids is an imlportant process in the soil removal of textiles. This study will report a real time observation of the removal-process of solid lipids, namely, tripalmitin, trimyristin, cetyl alcohol, palmitic acid and lard from the surface of gold electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance by some anionic and nonionic surfactants. The surfactants were added in the bathing solutions of pH 7.0-12.5 at 25 and 30℃ over wide concentration ranges covering their cmc's. The lipids first swell up to about half of the weights and then are removed at rates specific to the surfactant species, thier concentrations and the pH's. The removal takes place from sufficiently below the cmc's, indicating that the micelles not necessarily participate in the solubilization process. With the anionic surfactants, the rates level off over their cmc's, while with the nonionic surfactants, the rates increase further in the concentration ranges. Alkalinity of the bathing solutions enhances the swelling degree and the removal rate to sizable degrees. These observations will be discussed for the interpretation of the molecular process of the lipid removal, 1. The removal process has been observed as the swelling of the solid lipids followed by the solubilization by the surfactants in non-micellic form. 2. The lipids swell more with increasing pH and increasing surfactant concentration. 3. The lipid removal takes place definitely from below the cmcs of the surfactants. With anionic surfactants, the apparent removal rate levels off over the cmcs while with nonionic surfactants, the rate increases further. 4. The process of the elimination of the substrate adipose dirt and the viscosity change of the appearance could be observed by measuring frequency and an admitance.