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Study on the concepts of moving objects in naive physics and naite biology

朴素物理学和朴素生物学中运动物体概念的研究

基本信息

批准号：
03831018
负责人：
SHIMOMURA Kumiko
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Toyoko Gakuen Women's College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03831018/
关键词：
Science education Visual perception Motion perception Naive physics Naive biology Ecological approach

项目摘要

This study investigated the nature and origin of naive physics and naive biology and found that they are crucially linked to the perception of objects' motion.Specifically, we conducted the following experiments and obtained the following results.1. Adult subjects observed on a computer monitor various motion patterns of one luminous dot differing in speed, acceleration rate, and direction and asked to rate for each motion pattern "force in notion" and "control in motion". It was found that motion in horizontal direction was generally perceived as a result of some force excerted or applied and motion in vertical direction (downward) as natural notioii with no force excerted or applied. This result corresponds perfectly to a novice's preconception in physics that " Object's motion is caused by force and if the object is rest-in-stasis, no force is applied" and to the novice's undifferentiation between mass and weight, thus suggesting the close link between naive physics and motion perce … More ption.2. Adult subjects observed on a computer monitor the locomotion patterns of an insect, a hamster, a ball, and a dry leaf which were represented by (1) a luminous dot or (2) luminous line indicating object's head and tail. They also observe (3) body-part movements of a running animal and a puppet animal represented by several luminous dots attached to their major joints. When asked to judge each motion pattern's "animacy" impression, the subjects clearly discriminate animal's motion pattern, and this holds true at any representation mode. It was also found that when, at mode (2), the swaying movement of the line was experimentally changed to its mirror-image movement while the overall locomotion trail was intact, the line's animacy impression dissipated, indicating that inter -level relations of the nested structure of animal locomotion is one of the important source of information yeilding animacy impression. The study thus showed that there is everyday understanding of animate and inanimate objects separately from school biology and that is critically based on the perception of object's motion. Less

这项研究调查了朴素物理学和朴素生物学的本质和起源，发现它们与物体运动的感知有着至关重要的联系。具体来说，我们进行了以下实验，得到了以下结果：成年受试者在电脑监视器上观察到一个发光点在速度、加速度和方向上的不同运动模式，并被要求对每种运动模式进行“概念力”和“运动控制力”的评分。研究发现，水平方向的运动通常被认为是受到某种外力的作用或施加的结果，而垂直方向（向下）的运动则被认为是没有外力或施加外力的自然运动。这个结果完全符合新手对物理学的先入之见，即“物体的运动是由力引起的，如果物体静止不动，则没有施加力”，也符合新手对质量和重量的不区分，从而表明了朴素物理学与运动之间的密切联系。成年受试者在计算机监视器上观察昆虫、仓鼠、球和干叶子的运动模式，这些运动模式由(1)一个发光点或(2)指示物体头部和尾部的发光线表示。他们还观察奔跑的动物和木偶动物的身体部分运动，木偶动物的主要关节上有几个发光的点。当被试被要求判断每种运动模式的“动性”印象时，被试明显区分出动物的运动模式，这在任何表征模式下都是成立的。实验还发现，在模式(2)下，在保持整体运动轨迹不变的情况下，将直线的摇摆运动实验改变为直线的镜像运动，直线的动画印象消失，说明动物运动的嵌套结构的层间关系是产生动画印象的重要信息源之一。因此，这项研究表明，对有生命和无生命物体的日常理解与学校生物学是分开的，这是基于对物体运动的感知。少