Study on the concepts of moving objects in naive physics and naite biology

本研究探讨了朴素物理学和朴素生物学的本质和起源，发现它们与物体运动的感知有着至关重要的联系。具体而言，我们进行了以下实验，并获得了以下结果。成年受试者在计算机显示器上观察一个发光点的不同速度、加速度和方向的各种运动模式，并要求对每个运动模式的“概念中的力”和“运动中的控制”进行评级。结果发现，水平方向上的运动通常被感知为施加或施加了一些力的结果，而垂直方向上（向下）的运动被感知为没有施加或施加力的自然感觉。这一结果完全符合物理学新手的先入之见，即“物体的运动是由力引起的，如果物体静止不动，就不施加力”，也符合新手对质量和重量的不区分，从而表明朴素物理学和运动知觉之间的密切联系。 ...更多信息 第二部分。成年受试者在计算机显示器上观察昆虫、仓鼠、球和干树叶的运动模式，这些运动模式由（1）发光点或（2）指示物体头部和尾部的发光线表示。他们还观察（3）奔跑的动物和木偶动物的身体部位运动，这些动物的主要关节上附着着几个发光的点。当被要求判断每种运动模式的“生命性”印象时，被试对动物的运动模式有明显的区分，这在任何表征模式下都成立。在模式（2）下，当线条的摆动运动被实验性地改变为镜像运动而整体运动轨迹保持不变时，线条的动物性印象消失，表明动物运动嵌套结构的层次间关系是产生动物性印象的重要信息来源之一。因此，这项研究表明，日常生活中对有生命和无生命物体的理解与学校生物学是分开的，这是基于对物体运动的感知。少

This study investigated the nature and origin of naive physics and naive biology and found that they are crucially linked to the perception of objects' motion.Specifically, we conducted the following experiments and obtained the following results.1. Adult subjects observed on a computer monitor various motion patterns of one luminous dot differing in speed, acceleration rate, and direction and asked to rate for each motion pattern "force in notion" and "control in motion". It was found that motion in horizontal direction was generally perceived as a result of some force excerted or applied and motion in vertical direction (downward) as natural notioii with no force excerted or applied. This result corresponds perfectly to a novice's preconception in physics that " Object's motion is caused by force and if the object is rest-in-stasis, no force is applied" and to the novice's undifferentiation between mass and weight, thus suggesting the close link between naive physics and motion perce … More ption.2. Adult subjects observed on a computer monitor the locomotion patterns of an insect, a hamster, a ball, and a dry leaf which were represented by (1) a luminous dot or (2) luminous line indicating object's head and tail. They also observe (3) body-part movements of a running animal and a puppet animal represented by several luminous dots attached to their major joints. When asked to judge each motion pattern's "animacy" impression, the subjects clearly discriminate animal's motion pattern, and this holds true at any representation mode. It was also found that when, at mode (2), the swaying movement of the line was experimentally changed to its mirror-image movement while the overall locomotion trail was intact, the line's animacy impression dissipated, indicating that inter -level relations of the nested structure of animal locomotion is one of the important source of information yeilding animacy impression. The study thus showed that there is everyday understanding of animate and inanimate objects separately from school biology and that is critically based on the perception of object's motion. Less