Principle of diversity, differentiation, and stability in biological systems

我们从动力学系统的角度寻找生命系统的普遍逻辑，同时也研究了支持生命系统的新的动力系统的特征。(1)细胞分化：早些时候我们已经证明，在具有反应网络、通过扩散和繁殖的细胞-细胞相互作用的原型细胞系统中，旺盛的发育和细胞分化是普遍的结果。允许混沌动力学的反应网络通常被证明支持这种分化，并且通过实现合作，这种细胞系统被发现作为一个细胞系具有更高的生长速度。这种体系表现出从全能到决定的不可逆分化过程，表现为化学多样性和动态可塑性的降低。(2)将上述模型扩展到空间局域相互作用，发现位置信息的自发产生，支持稳健的形态发生。(3)考虑相互…系统在分子数目较少的系统中，发现了一种未被连续描述的新相，这与细胞中的信号动力学有关。(5)同源多样化机制提出了稳健的共面物种形成理论。(6)在不同时间尺度的耦合动力系统中，发现了较快的元素影响较慢的元素的机制。(7)在一类具有大自由度的哈密顿动力学中，结果表明，能量可以长时间储存，并随储存的能量呈指数增长，而时间与剩余的Kolomogorov-Sinai熵成反比。(8)动力学系统博弈论、功能动力学作为一个抽象的认知系统，以及计算过程的动力学系统特征的研究也较少。

We have searched for universal logic of a life systemin terms of dynamical systems, while characteristics of novel dynamical systems to support life systems have also been studied.(1) Cell differentiation : Earlier we have shown that robust development and cell differentiation are universal outcome in a prototype cell system with reaction networks, cell-cell interaction through diffusion, and reproduction. The reaction network allowing for chaotic dynamics is generally shown to support such differentiation, and that such cell system is found to have a higher growth rate as a cell ensemble, by achieving cooperation. Such system exhibits irreversible differentiation process from totipotency to determination, which is characterized by the decrease of chemical diversity and dynamic plasticity.(2) Extending the above model to include spatially local interaction, spontaneousgeneration of positional information is found, which supports robust morphogenesis.(3) Considering a system of mutually … More catalyzing molecules, spontaneous formation of a molecule working as information carrier is demonstrated, that leads to the origin of information in a cell.(4) In a system with small number of molecules, a novel phase that was not treated by continuum description is discovered, which can be related with signaling dynamics in a cell.(5) Theory of robust sympatric speciation is proposed by theisologous diversification mechanism.(6) In coupled dynamical systems with a variety of time scales, a mechanism in which faster elements influence slower elements is discovered.(7) In a class of Hamiltonian dynamics with a large degree of freedoms, it is shown that energy can be stored over long time, which increases exponentially with the stored energy, while the time is shown tobe inversely proportional to residual Kolomogorov-Sinai entropy. Connection with energy transduction in molecular motor is also discussed.(8) Dynamical systemsgame theory, function dynamics as an abstract cognition system, and dynamical systems feature of computation process have also been studied Less