Mutagenicity evaluation of river waters in the NorthAmerica and Japan

利用蓝色人造丝的悬挂技术，特异性地吸附具有多环平面结构的诱变剂，与传统的将大量水带回实验室进行提取的方法相比具有优势。因此，使用蓝色人造丝悬挂技术可以在实验室中对来自偏远地点的许多样品进行分析，尽管它在定量分析方面具有缺点。在这项研究中，蓝色人造丝悬挂技术被用来收集流经北美大都市地区的河流沃茨中的有机诱变剂。在总共21个研究中心进行了监测：普罗维登斯河（4个研究中心）、Charels河（2个研究中心）、波托马克河（6个研究中心）、圣劳伦斯河（5个研究中心）、哈德逊河（3个研究中心）和东河（1个研究中心）。使用沙门氏菌菌株TA 98、TA 100、YG 1024、YG 1041和YG 1042，在存在和不存在代谢活化的情况下，通过艾姆斯试验评价致突变性。结果表明，菌株YG1041和YG1024对S9混合物的敏感性明显高于TA98。21份样本中有14份样本对YG1041（含S9混合物）呈阳性。其中6个样品每克蓝色人造丝当量产生5，000 - 20，000个回复突变体。YG1042也比TA100敏感。YG1042加S9混合物中11份样品呈阳性。最高活性为每克蓝光或当量10，300个回复突变体。总体结果表明，流经大都市地区的河流中的水含有一些移码型芳香胺诱变剂，尽管其致突变性低于日本河流的数据。进一步用甲壳素蓝柱和Sep-pak CSP800柱评价河水沃茨的致突变性。结论：甲壳素蓝柱和Sep-pak CSP800柱均能有效地定量评价河流沃茨的致突变性，蓝丝悬液法是评价偏远地区河流沃茨致突变性的最简便方法。

The hanging technique using blue rayon, which specifically adsorbes mutagens with multicyclic planar structures, has advantages over the conventional method of bringing large volume of water back to the laboratoy for extraction. Therefore, the analysis of many samples from remote sites using the blue rayon hanging technique can be performed in a laboratory, although it has a disadvantage in terms of quantitative analysis. In this study, the blue rayon hanging technique was used to collect organic mutagens in river waters that flow through metropolitan areas in North America. Monitoring was performed at a total of 21 sites the Providence River (4 sites), the Charels River (2 sites), the Potomac River(6 sites), the St Lawrence River (5 sites), the Hudson River (3 sites), and the East River (1 site). Mutagenicity was evaluated by the Ames test using Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, YG1024, YG1041 and YG1042 with and without metabolic activation. The results demonstrated that strains YG1041 and YG1024 were much more sensitive than TA98 with S9 mix. Fourteen samples out of 21 were positive towards for YG1041 with S9 mix. Six samples among them gave 5,000 - 20,000 revertants per gram of blue rayon equivalent. YG1042 was also more sensitive than TA100. Eleven samples were positive in YG1042 with S9 mix. The highest activity was 10,300 revertants per gram of blue rayorfequivalent. The overall results showed that the water in rivers flowing through metropolitan areas contained some frameshift-type aromatic amine mutagens, although their mutagenicity was lower compared with river's data in Japan. Further studies were done to evaluate mutagenicity of river waters by blue-chitin column and Sep-pak CSP800 column. We conclude that both blue-chitin column and Sep-pak CSP800 column are efficient for quantitative assesment of mutagenicity of river waters and the blue rayon hanging method is the most convenient to assess mutagenic characteristics of river waters in remote areas.