Historical and Social Anthroplogical Study of African Rice(Oryza glaberrima)

本研究旨在厘清加纳、马里、加奥等中世纪西非王国的社会经济基础，从而全面、全面地了解西非史。从这个角度来看，我们在马里北部和东部地区开展了广泛的实地工作。我们特别意识到这个地区的考古调查。在这样做的过程中，我们可以在马里北部梅马地区公元前10世纪的几个考古遗址中找到大量的fonio，这是西非种植的谷物之一。这是在非洲发现的最古老的谷物之一。我们可以找到一些纺锤的整体，这将使西非的编织开始提前了几个世纪。我们还确认了公元5世纪到15世纪之间大量的铁生产遗址。这些丰富的物质文化可以证明该地区在公元前5世纪至公元15世纪之间存在经济增长。如果上述王国在公元5至15世纪之间存在于马里，那么我们的研究证实的经济增长将解释为什么这些王国可能存在于非洲的这些地区。这项研究的结果已经在一些科学期刊和书籍上发表或印刷。整个分析结果以法文发表，并寄给日本和国外的许多科研机构。它的名字是L'Archeologie et les Empires: Recherche archeologique et historque au Mali。

The aim of this research is to make clear the socio-economic foundations of the medieval West African Kingdoms, such as Ghana, Mali and Gao, to get a total and comprehensive understanding of the West African History. In this perspective, we realized the extensive field works in northern and eastern parts of Mali. We realized especially the archeological survey in this area. In so doing, we could find a quantity of fonio, one of the cereals cultivated in West Africa, from several archaeological sites of 10 centuries BC in the Mema region, northern Mali. This is one of the oldest among the cereals found in Africa. We could find a few spindle wholes, which would advance the beginning of the weaving in West Africa for several centuries. We affirmed also a quantity of sites of the iron production between 5 and 15 centuries AD. The richness of these material cultures can attest the very existence of economic growth in this region between 5 centuries BC and 15 centuries AD. If the kingdoms mentioned above existed in Mali between 5 and 15 centuries AD, the economic growth affirmed by our research would explain why these Kingdoms could exist in these regions of Africa. The findings of this research have been published or in printing in several scientific journals and books. The total analysis was published in French and sent to many scientific institutions in Japan and foreign countries. Its name is L'Archeologie et les Empires : Recherche archeologique et historique au Mali.