Study of the Relations between the Regional History and World History in the Port Cities : Archaeological, Historical and Anthropological Studies at the Raya, al-Tur and Suez Port

我们在Raya遗址和Wadial-Tur修道院遗址进行了三个季节的挖掘。作为挖掘的结果，我们发现了一座古老的清真寺，它存在于9世纪左右的拉亚遗址侵权事件中。米赫拉布的上部被掩埋在可修复的条件下。玫瑰花环的图案被描述在米拉布的周围。这座清真寺的发现将证明西奈半岛的伊斯兰化曾被认为发生在法蒂玛王朝时期，但日期大约早了两个世纪。我们在2000年发现的纳库斯遗址是埃及数量最多的遗址之一。在大约1700个铭文中，有930个阿拉伯铭文。对这些碑文的金石学研究证明，它们是旅行者的第一手记录，显示了他们的故乡和旅行日期。这证明了石刻是研究…的未知史料更多的贸易和朝圣路线。此外，通过对碑文的发现，我们发现阿布卡布斯和纳库斯舰队的海岸被用作港口，这一点一直不为人知。南西奈半岛的陆路网络以圣凯瑟琳修道院为中心，不仅在拉亚港或阿勒图尔港的一点与海路网络相连，而且在30公里的海岸带上也相连。由于缺乏文献，对南西奈半岛的路线研究尚未展开，但对马卡姆(圣殿)和石刻的研究正在澄清这些路线的存在。在上述两个遗址和al-Tur-Kilani遗址中发现了各种文物。中东地区内外积累了大量研究国际关系的资料，如图尔文献、拉迪家族文献、拉亚纸莎草纸、中国陶瓷、伊斯兰陶瓷、彩绘陶瓷、玻璃器皿、金属制品、滑石器、盒形泥香炉、哈里发·马蒙时期的金币等。对该地区的考古研究不仅将揭示拉亚和阿尔-图尔地区的地区史，还将揭示该地区与外部世界的关系史。较少

We have conducted three-season excavations at the Raya site and the site of Wadi al-Tur Monastery. As the result of the excavations, we found an old-style mosque that had existed around the 9^<th> century in the tort of the Raya site. The upper part of the mihrab was buried in a restorable condition. The rosette pattern was described in the circumference of the mihrab. The discovery of the mosque will be the evidence that the Islamization in the Sinai Peninsula had thought to be occurred in the Fatimid period but the date was about two centuries earlier.The mass of rock inscriptions on Mt. Naqus we found in 2000 was one of the greatest sites in quantity in Egypt. Nine hundred and thirty Arabic inscriptions were included in about 1,700 inscriptions. The epigraphic study of these inscriptions proved that they are the first-hand records of the travelers, which show their home places and traveling dates. It proved that the rock inscriptions are the unknown historical materials of the study … More of trade and pilgrimage routes.In addition, through the discovery of the inscriptions we found that the seacoast of Abu Qabus and Naqus fleet were used as the ports, which has been unknown. The network of land-route in South Sinai, whose center is St. Catherine Monastery, was connected with the network of sea-route not only at one point, i.e. Raya port or al-Tur port, but at the coastal belt of 30 km.The study of routes in South Sinai has not been made because of lack of literature, but the study of maqam (shrine of saint) and the study of rock inscriptions are in the process of clarifying the existence of the routes.Varieties of artifacts were found from the above-mentioned two sites and al-Tur-Kilani site. Lots of materials for the study of international relations, inside and outside of the Middle East area have been piled up, for example, al-Tur documents, Radi Family documents, Raya papyri, Chinese ceramics, Islamic ceramics, luster-painted ceramics, glassware, metalwork, steatite objects, box-shaped clay incense burners, a gold coin of the Caliph al-Ma mun period, etc. The archaeological studies of this region will reveal not only the regional history of the Raya and al-Tur area, but also the history of the relations between the area and the outer world. Less