Dynamics of enteropathogenic bacteria in Asian environment

自1996年以来，我们报道了一种新的副溶血性弧菌克隆在8个国家和美国引起的频繁感染。它允许我们使用“流行病”这个术语。我们最初通过其O3:K6血清型来定义大流行克隆，但我们随后建立了一种靶向toxr的PCR方法来鉴定大流行克隆。最近，与O3:K6大流行克隆病毒类似，大流行克隆病毒的血清变体正在跨越国际边界传播。自1998年以来，我们一直在从泰国南部的双壳类动物中分离大流行毒株，包括O1:K25毒株，我们证明了环境毒株和临床毒株之间的强烈关联。结果表明，未煮熟的双壳贝是传播途径，可能是国际传播的原因。在越南，经济因素，即购买昂贵海鲜的能力，是比卫生条件差更重要的感染因素。我们证明了在马来西亚销售的第一批海鲜经常被O139霍乱弧菌污染，这表明马来西亚的环境受到这种微生物的污染。我们还首次在泰国南部发现了四环素耐药O1霍乱弧菌的流行。这些结果表明，需要监测泰国-马来西亚南部地区的人类活动。我们报告了从印度进口到马来西亚的牛肉和泰国的牛肉和牛粪便被大肠杆菌O157污染。我们还报道了马来西亚环境中耐万古霉素肠球菌和创伤弧菌的分布。

We reported frequent infection due to a new clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in eight countries and the United States since 1996. It allowed us to use the term "pandemic." We initially defined the pandemic clone by its O3:K6 serovar, but we subsequently established a toxR-targeted PCR method to identify the pandemic clone. Recently, similar to the O3:K6 pandemic clone, serovariants of the pandemic clone have been spreading across the international border. We have been isolating the pandemic strains, including an O1:K25 strain, from the bivalves in southern Thailand since 1998, and we demonstrated strong association between environmental and clinical strains. The results indicated that improperly cooked bivalves are the means of transmission, and it may be the cause of international spread. Economic factor, ability to purchase expensive seafood, was a more important factor of infection than the poor hygienic condition in Vietnam.We demonstrated that first seafood marketed in Malaysia is frequently contaminated with O139 Vibrio cholerae, which indicates that Malaysian environment is contaminated with this microorganism. We also showed an epidemic due to tetracycline-resistant O1 V. cholerae for the first time in southern Thailand.These results suggest human movement in the southern Thailand-Malaysian region needs to be monitored.We reported contamination of the beef imported from India to Malysia and the beef and cattle feces in Thailand by Escherichia coli O157. We also reported distribution of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Vibrio vulnificus in Malaysian environment.