An Environmental Psychological Study of Residential Factors affecting Crime Victimization and Fear of Crime of the Residents of High-Rise Apartment

本研究旨在揭示影响高层公寓居民犯罪受害和犯罪恐惧的居住因素。本研究旨在厘清该社区的社区特征、结构特征及两者之间的互动关系。第一项研究在名古屋市进行，第二项研究在崎玉县进行。他们使用的问题几乎是一样的。研究对象均为成年女性(年龄在20-60岁之间)。首先，公寓的大小对一些犯罪行为有很大的影响。规模越大，犯罪发生的频率越高。其次，公寓场地的采光状况也是影响犯罪的主要因素，尤其是对侵扰行为的影响。良好的照明条件似乎抑制了这种犯罪。第三，邻里土地利用的特点影响了性犯罪、抢劫等暴力犯罪。这些犯罪似乎更多地发生在远离火车站的住宅区，而不是靠近火车站的购物区。社区和结构特征的相互作用也得到了证实。例如，照明对性犯罪的抑制作用在居民区发现，但在购物区没有发现。此外，靠近主干道的公寓比远离主干道的公寓更容易发生性侵，但这种关系仅在购物区发现。反之，后者在居民区发生的频率较高。

The aim of this study was to reveal the residential factors affecting crime victimization and fear of crime in the residents of high-rise apartment. The study was designed to clarify the neighborhood characteristics, structural characteristics and the interaction between them.This study consisted of two questionnaire researches. The first research was carried out in Nagoya city and the second was in Saitama prefecture. The questions used were almost same between them. Subjects were adult females (from 20 to 60 years old) in both researches.The following results were obtained. Firstly, the size of apartment had dear main effect on some crimes. The larger the size was, the more frequently crime occurred. Secondly, the lighting condition in apartment site also had main effect on the crime, especially on the intrusion. Good lighting condition seemed to inhibit this kind of crime. Thirdly, the characteristics of neighborhood land use affected violent crimes such as sexual crime and robbery. These crimes seemed to occur more frequently in the residential quarter which was apart from main railway station than in the shopping area near to main station.The interaction between neighborhood and structural characteristics were also confirmed. For example, the inhibitoiy influences of lighting on sexual crimes were found in the residential quarters but not in the shopping area. In addition, sexual assault occurred more frequently in the apartment which was near to main road than in the apartment apart from main road, but this relationship was found only in the shopping area. Conversely, it occurred more frequently in the latter in the residential area.