Disaster and Crime (Crime Victimization and Fear of Crime after the Hanshin Great Earthquake)

灾害与犯罪(阪神大地震后的犯罪受害与犯罪恐惧)

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    10420011
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 4.61万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    日本
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助国家:
    日本
  • 起止时间:
    1998 至 2000
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Although crime seems to increase after great earthquakes due to ineffectiveness of police and social disorganization under emergencies, this is not accurate. Natural disaster usually decreases crime for strengthened solidarity among citizens, especially disaster victims. In some cases, natural disaster results in increase of crime, where social disorganization preexists and the disaster becomes a trigger of explosive increase of offences. After the Kanto Great Earthquake mass murder of Korean residents took place. By then, many Koreans moved to Japan for poverty caused under Japanese rules of Korean Peninsula. Mass movement for independent and liberation in 1919 was severely suppressed by colonial forces and prejudice against Koreans became stronger. The martial law after the earthquake was promulgated, which was prepared by two generals and the head of Tokyo Metropolitan Police who had severely suppressed the independent movement in Korea.After the Hanshin Great Earthquake, social ord … More er was considerably maintained and serious problems of crime did not occurred. This proved the aforementioned general tendency. Food was supplied beyond ethnic borders and people supported each other. However strengthened solidarity among victims in communities might have prevented from flowing potential offenders' flowing, it also unfairly excluded "outsiders", especially Asian foreign residents in the communities. Vietnamese, excluded by Japanese, had to move to a park and start collective life in refugee camp. Some volunteers also started FM station to give accurate information to the minorities.We sent questionnaires to each head of neighborhood associations in Higashinada, Chuo, Nagata in Kobe and Nishinomiya City, inquiring crime prevention activities after the earthquake. Following are the fact-findings : Their activities were spontaneous and independent of police and local government. Most were engaged in night patrol, then inspection of dangerous spots, day patrol, etc. They believed such activities were efficient to prevent crime and reduce fear of victimization of crime. Less
虽然在大地震后,由于警察的无能和紧急情况下的社会混乱,犯罪似乎会增加,但这并不准确。自然灾害通常会减少犯罪,因为加强了公民之间的团结,特别是灾民之间的团结。在某些情况下,自然灾害导致犯罪增加,而社会混乱是预先存在的,灾害成为犯罪爆炸性增长的触发器。关东大地震后,发生了大规模屠杀韩国人的事件。当时,由于日本帝国主义统治导致的贫困,很多韩国人移民到了日本。1919年的独立解放运动受到了殖民势力的严重镇压,对韩国人的偏见日益加深。地震后的戒严令是由曾严厉镇压独立运动的两名将军和东京警察厅厅长制定的。阪神大地震后,社会治安得到了较好的维护,没有出现严重的犯罪问题。这证明了前面提到的总趋势。食品供应跨越民族边界,人们相互支持。尽管社区受害者之间加强团结可能阻止了潜在罪犯的流动,但它也不公平地排斥了“局外人”,特别是社区的亚洲外国居民。被日本人排斥的越南人不得不搬到一个公园,在难民营开始集体生活。一些志愿者还开办了调频电台,向少数民族提供准确的信息。我们向东田、中央、神户长田和西宫市的每个社区协会负责人发送了调查问卷,询问地震后的预防犯罪活动。以下是事实调查结果:他们的活动是自发的,独立于警察和地方政府。他们大多从事夜间巡逻,然后是检查危险地点,白天巡逻等。他们认为这些活动对预防犯罪和减少对犯罪受害的恐惧是有效的。少

项目成果

期刊论文数量(14)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
斎藤豊治 編: "阪神大震災後の犯罪問題"甲南大学 総合研究所(予定). 200 (2001)
齐藤丰晴主编:《阪神大地震后的犯罪问题》甲南大学研究所(计划)200(2001)。
  • DOI:
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  • 影响因子:
    0
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斉藤豊治 他: "ヨーロッパとアメリカ合衆国における環境犯罪学の諸側面(翻訳)" 甲南法学. 38巻3・4号. 1-32 (1998)
Toyoharu Saito 等:“欧洲和美国的环境犯罪学方面(翻译)”Konan Hogaku,第 38 卷,第 3 期和第 4 期。1-32(1998 年)
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    0
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"Task Force on 'Earthquake and Crime'""Disaster and Crime", Ho-to-Seiji (Law and Politics). vol.51 no.3=4. 355-383 (2000)
“‘地震与犯罪’工作组”“灾难与犯罪”,Ho-to-Seiji(法律和政治)。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
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「震災と犯罪」研究会: "災害と犯罪"法と政治. 51巻3・4号. 355-383 (2000)
“地震与犯罪”研究小组:“灾难与犯罪”法律与政治,第 51 卷,第 3 期和第 4 期。355-383 (2000)
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
斉藤豊治: "被害者学の過去、現在、未来(翻訳)"甲南法学. 40巻102号. 109-141 (1999)
Toyoharu Saito:“受害者研究的过去、现在和未来(翻译)”Konan Hogaku,第 40 卷,第 102 期。109-141(1999 年)
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    0
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SAITO Toyoji其他文献

SAITO Toyoji的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('SAITO Toyoji', 18)}}的其他基金

Role of Prosecutor in Juvenile Justice
检察官在少年司法中的作用
  • 批准号:
    14320021
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

相似海外基金

The Resurgence of Regional Society and the Power of Religion --- The Positivistic Study of Religion in Stricken Areas of the Hanshin Great Earthquake
地域社会的复兴与宗教的力量——阪神大地震灾区宗教的实证研究
  • 批准号:
    10610215
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Study on the changing process of Hanshin Great Earthquake Restoration Plan in the City of Kobe
神户市阪神大地震恢复计划变更过程研究
  • 批准号:
    10450224
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    $ 4.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
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