A Study for the Development of Rapid ad Simple On-site Analysis for Environmental Water Samples by Using Solid Phase Extraction

离子对萃取是固相萃取的基本原理之一。结果表明，疏水理论可以有效地解释离子对萃取常数与阳离子、阴离子和有机溶剂各自贡献的线性加法表示。1.从河流沉积物中提取和分离阳离子表面活性剂应用于水环境中阳离子表面活性剂的分光光度测定，无需阴离子表面活性剂的干扰和沉积物表面的吸附等。2.几乎所有的阴离子表面活性剂分子中都含有硫原子。阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂缔合后，通过膜过滤器上硫浓度的X射线荧光测定，可以测定阴离子表面活性剂的总量。3.将空气中的甲醛吸附在水溶液中，与4-氨基-3-肼-5-巯基-L、2，4-三氮唑反应生成紫色阴离子染料，作为离子与有机疏水阳离子缔合在膜过滤器上。滤膜上的颜色强度是用三刺激色度计测量的，分光光度是一种非常有用和流行的分析方法。最近，汽车电池DC/AC转换器方便了室外流行的分光光度计的使用。一些电池驱动的便携式分光光度计也很有用。在三刺激色谱比色法中，校正曲线不是线性的、弯曲的，该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、不浪费有机溶剂。由于所用的三刺激素色度计体积小、重量轻、便携、电池驱动，因此可以在采样点现场使用。该色度计将成为现场分析的有力工具。

Ion-pair extraction is one of the basic principles of solid-phase extraction. We showed that the solvophobic theory is effective to interpret the linear additive representation of the logarithm of ion-pair extraction constant with individual contribution of cation, anion and organic solvent.Some of simple and rapid analytical methods based on solid-phase extraction on membrane filter were developed as below. 1. Extraction and separation of cationic surfactant from river sediments as an application to a spectrophotometric determination of cationic surfactant in an aqueous environment using membrane filters without the interference of anionic surfactant and adsorption on the surface of sediments et al. 2. Nearly almost anionic surfactant contains sulfur atom in the molecule. It is possible to determine the total anionic surfactants by X-ray fluorescence measurement of sulfur concentration on a membrane filter after collection as an ion associate with cationic surfactant. 3. Formaldehyde in the air was absorbed in aqueous solution and reacted with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-l,2,4-triazole to form purple anionic dye and collected on a membrane filter as ion associate with organic hydrophobic cation. The intensity of color on the membrane filter was measured by tristimulus colorimeter.Spectrophotometry is very useful and popular analytical method. Recently DC/AC converter for car battery is convenient to use popular spectrophotometer on outside. Some kind of battery drive portable spectrophotometer is also useful. However, it needs to make solution for measurement.In the case of tristimulus colorimetry, the calibration curve is not linear, bend; this method is simple and rapid, highly sensitive, no waste of organic solvent. As the used tristimurus colorimeter is small, light, portable and battery driven, it is possible to use it on-site of sampling place. This tristimurus colorimeter will be powerful tool for the on-site analysis.