Identification and Determination of Unstable Chemical Species Induced by the Solar Radiation in Natural Waters.

认为天然沃茨表面在太阳照射下产生活性氧。在含有丰富有机物的近海海水中，过氧化氢是主要的活性氧之一，在太阳照射下产生高达300 nM的过氧化氢。OH自由基、超氧阴离子、单线态氧是过氧化氢以外的活性氧物种。然而，与过氧化氢相比，这些物种的寿命要短得多，并且难以测定。研究了太阳模拟器照射后河水和海水中OH自由基和超氧阴离子的测定方法。OH自由基的检测采用苯转化为苯酚的转化率法，分离采用高效液相色谱法。在超氧阴离子的情况下，研究了乳酸脱氢酶-NADH反应、硝基蓝-四氮唑法和硝基甲烷法。而去离子水经太阳模拟器照射后产生的超氧阴离子比河水多。构建了流动注射化学发光检测器，并对碱性鲁米诺和超氧阴离子进行了化学发光检测。在这种情况下，腐殖酸给出了一个强的化学发光与去离子水相比，太阳模拟器照射后。

It is considered that the active oxygen species generate in the surface of natural waters under irradiation of the sun. In coastal seawater which contains abundant organic substance, hydrogen peroxide, one of the major active oxygen, generates up to 300 nM by the solar irradiation. OH radical, superoxide negative ion, singlet oxygen are the active oxygen species other than hydrogen peroxide. However, these species have much shorter life time compared with hydrogen peroxide, and difficult to determine. We investigated the methods to determine OH radical and superoxide negative ion in river and seawater after irradiation of solar simulator. OH radical is detected by means of conversion rate of benzene to phenol and separated by HPLC. In the case of superoxide negative ion, lactate dehydrogenase-NADH reaction, nitroblue-tetrazolium method, and nitromethane method were investigated. However, deionized water produce more superoxide negative ion than river water after the irradiation of solar simulator. Flow injection type chemiluminescence detector was constructed and chemiluminescence was detected after alkaline luminol and superoxide negative ion. In this case, humic acid gave a strong chemiluminescence compared with deionized water after irradiation of solar simulator.