STUDIES ON DIPLOID MALES IN ANTS

1)二倍体雄蚁的精子发生：在30个研究群体中，有6个(20%)含有许多二倍体雄蚁。在精子发生过程中，二倍体和单倍体雄性的染色体数目都没有减少，这表明二倍体雄性产生二倍体精子。2)二倍体雄性在多倍体蚂蚁中繁殖的三倍体个体：三倍体工作者是从二倍体雄性在实验室授精的蜂王中出生的。在平均体型上，它们比二倍体的个体更大。然而，它们之间没有发现形态上的差异。三倍体工蚁执行群体任务的方式与二倍体工蚁相同。此外，还从田间巢中获得了一只三倍体雄性。睾丸的染色体制备显示，在整个成熟分裂过程中，染色体数量没有减少。3)心尖上蚂蚁的一种新的男性二型性：一种新的男性二型性，由麦角状和分支…组成在来自马来西亚Uiu Gombak的桃金娘中发现了更多的雄性桃金娘。麦角虫雄虫表现出许多其他种的典型的形态和行为特征。短翅型雄性具有介于麦角型雄性和典型有翼雄性之间的中间性质。失去飞行应该会导致地下生活的适应性变化，包括通过内部竞争在巢内交配而相互攻击行为。短翼似乎有效地保护了叶柄关节。然而，短翅型雄性并没有变得像麦角类那样专门化，在一定程度上保持了有翼雄性的性质。4)蚂蚁二倍体雄性的研究：单性和多性蚂蚁野外群体中二倍体雄性的频率。在一夫一妻制蚂蚁Lasius Japan onicus和一夫多妻制蚂蚁L.sakagamii中，15个群体中有0个群体发现二倍体雄性，30个群体中有6个群体中发现二倍体雄性。在单性同源和多性同源蚂蚁中，分别有3个和4个二倍体雄性个体。田间群体的二倍体雄性繁殖率似乎在不同的蚂蚁类群中有所不同。较少

1) Spermatogenesis of diploid males in the formicine ant, Lasius sakagamii : Six out of 30 studied colonies (20%) contained many diploid males. There was no reduction in chromosome numbers in either diploid or haploid males during spermatogenesis, indicating that diploid males produce diploid sperm.2) Triploid individuals sired by diploid males in the polygynous ant, Lasius sakagamii : Triploid workers were born from the queens that had been inseminated by diploid males in the laboratory. They were greater than diploid workers in average body size. However, no morphological difference was detected between them. The triploid workers engaged in colony tasks in the same manner as diploid workers. Furthermore, a triploid male was obtained from a field nest. The chromosomal preparation of the testis revealed no reduction of chromosome numbers throughout maturation division.3) A new type of male dimorphism in Cardiocondyla ants: A new type of male dimorphism, consisting of ergatoid and brach … More ypterous males was found in the myrmicine ant, Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi from Uiu Gombak, Malaysia. The ergatoid males showed the typical morphological and behavioral characteristics of those of many other C. spp. The brachypterous males have an intermediate nature between ergatoid males and typical winged males. The loss of flight should cause adaptive changes for underground life including aggressive behavior toward each other through intranidal competition for mating inside the nest. Short wings seemed to be effective to protect petiolar joints. However, the brachypterous males have not become so specialized as the ergatoids, keeping the winged male's nature to some extent.4) Studies on diploid males in ants : Frequency of diploid males in field colonies in monogynous and polygynous ants. In monogynous ant, Lasius japonicus and polygynous ant, L. sakagamii, diploid males were found from 0 of 15 colonies and from 6 of 30 colonies, respectively. In monogynous ant Leptothorax congruous and polygynous ant L. sp, diploid males were found from 3 of 9 colonies and from 4 of 13 colonies, respectively. Diploid male producing rate in field colonies seemed to be different among ant taxa. Less