Study on Coevoluion of Pinworms and Their Host Primates

本研究对野生和圈养灵长类动物12种进行了调查，共发现蛲虫3属12种。其中2种为科学新发现，分别为寄生于金丝猴的Enterobius (Colobenterobius) pygatrichus和寄生于长鼻猴的Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus。重新描述了锥虫（buckkleyenterobius） atelis和锥虫（Oxyuronema） atelophora，并恢复了buckkleyenterobius亚属和Oxyuronema亚属。双乳头Enterobius (Enterobius) bipapillatus（寄生于talapoin）和Enterobius (Enterobius) sp.（寄生于日本猴）在日本首次被记录。在新世界猴锥虫属雄性尾部的背外侧区域发现一对与角质层表面缺乏连接的原始乳头，被认为与马达加斯加Lemuricola特有的乳头同源。通过mtDNA CO1和rDNA ITS2区域的序列分析以及发育过程的形态学和生态学观察，最终证实了gregoril与人蛲虫E. (E.) vermicularis是同义的。本文报道了一例黑猩猩感染人蛲虫致死病例，证明了人感染的轻致病性蛲虫可引起黑猩猩的严重疾病。基于mtDNA CO1和rDNA 28S区序列的系统发育重建表明，在旧大陆灵长类动物Enterobius和狐猴Lemuricola建立之前，新世界猴的锥虫属（Trypanoxyuris）已经进化。

In this research, 12 species of wild and captive primates were examined, and 12 pinworm species belonging to 3 genera were found. Among them, two were new to science, and described as Enterobius (Colobenterobius) pygatrichus (parasitic in golden monkey) and Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus (parasitic in proboscis monkey). Trypanoxyuris (Buckleyenterobius) atelis and Trypanoxyuris (Oxyuronema) atelophora were redescribed, and the subgenera Buckleyenterobius and Oxyuronema were reinstated. Enterobius (Enterobius) bipapillatus (parasitic in talapoin) and Enterobius (Enterobius) sp. (parasitic in Japanese monkey) were first recorded from Japan. A pair of rudimental papillae lacking connections to cuticular surface was found in the dorso-lateral areas of male tail in Trypanoxyuris spp. of the New World monkeys, and was considered to be homologous with the peculiar papillae in Lemuricola of Madagascar. Synonymy of Enterobius (Enterobius) gregoril with human pinworm E. (E.) vermicularis was ultimately proven based on sequence analysis of mtDNA CO1 and rDNA ITS2 regions, and morphological and ecological observation of developmental course. A fatal case of chimpanzee with human pinworm infection was reported, and it was demonstrated that light-pathogenic pinworm of human causes severe disease in chimpanzees. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on sequence of mtDNA CO1 and rDNA 28S regions suggested that the genus Trypanoxyuris in the New World monkeys evolved before established of Enterobius of the Old World primates and Lemuricola of lemurs.