Relationship between Failure-mode of Damaged Wooden Houses and the Motion at the Great Hanshin-awaji Earthquake

在阪神大地震中，用日本传统方法建造的木制房屋遭到严重破坏。分析了受损房屋的破坏模式。找出了剪力墙不足、剪力墙布置不平衡、无规划改造和屋面过重等原因。这些缺陷在老房子中尤为明显。然后，对受损房屋的损坏程度进行了估计。伤害等级分为五个等级。此外，还对受损房屋进行了抗震性能诊断。应用的诊断方法有5种，参考了日本建筑防灾协会和日本住宅性能评价标准的诊断方法。调查结果如下：1。A、B两种诊断方法没有考虑到房屋的支撑位置，不能很好地估计房屋的性能。目前，大多数地方政府或私人组织普遍采用的诊断方法C比方法A和b给出的正确值更好。方法D考虑剪力墙的类型，方法E更考虑非结构墙。方法E给出的值最大。方法D和方法E给出了相似的值，并且是最合适的值。研究结果表明，期望的方法应考虑剪力墙和非结构墙的类型。

The wooden houses made of Japanese conventional method were heavily damaged at the great Hanshin earthquake. The failure modes of the damaged houses are analyzed. And some reasons are found, they are shortage of shear walls, unbalance of shear wall layout, unplanned remodeling and heavy roof. Those defects are found particularly among aged houses.And then, the damage levels for those damaged houses were estimated. The damage levels are divided into five levels.Furthermore, the diagnoses of seismic performance were applied to damaged houses. The applied diagnoses were five methods, which referred to the diagnosis method made by the Japan Association for Building Disaster Prevention and the Performance Evaluation Standard for Housing of Japan.The results of the investigation are as follows;1. The diagnoses method A and B, which do not use the brace location in a house, can not estimate the performance properly.2. The diagnoses method C, which is commonly applied today by most of the local governments or private organizations, gives proper values better than the method A and B.3. The method D considers the types of shear walls, and the method E considers non-structural walls what is more. The method E gives the largest values among all. And, the method D and E give similar values each other, and most proper values.Considering those results, it was made clear that expected method should consider the types of shear walls and non-structural walls.