Epidemiological research of the endocrine disruptors in wild primates as a human model in Thailand

在泰国东北部进行了野生长尾猕猴和恒河猴的捕获工作。从这些猕猴群中采集了血液样本。作为血液中邻苯二甲酸酯类的调查，测定了血浆邻苯二甲酸二（正丁基）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）。结果表明，被检动物受到邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的污染。这表明邻苯二甲酸酯类的环境污染可能已经在泰国蔓延。测量IGF-1和性类固醇（男性睾酮，女性雌激素和孕酮）。长尾猕猴血浆IGF-1水平略低于日本猕猴。怀孕的个体表现出更高水平的激素。这些数值在怀孕的野生日本猕猴体内的IGF-1浓度范围内。与年龄相关的睾酮变化表现为婴儿时期暂时性上升，5岁后永久性上升。这些与圈养动物的相似。然而，野生动物数量的第二次（永久性）上升要比圈养动物晚一到两年。雌性性类固醇与年龄相关的变化与圈养动物相似。对泰国圈养猕猴的性器官进行组织活检制备组织学标本。组织学分析未见异常。这一结果表明，用这种方法来证明内分泌干扰物的影响可能是困难的。本研究发现了邻苯二甲酸酯对泰国野生猕猴内分泌干扰的流行病学证据。这些野生猕猴被评价为人类有用的流行病学监测工具。然而，不能低估进行更精确研究的必要性。

Capturing work of wild long-tailed macaques and rhesus macaques were carried out in the northeastern part of Thailand. Blood samples were collected from those macaque groups. As survey of the phthalate esters in blood, plasma di(n-butyl)phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were measured. The result indicated that examined animals were polluted by those phthalate esters. This shows that the environmental pollution by the phthalate esters may have been spread over in Thailand. IGF-1 and sexual steroids (testosterone in male, estrogen and progesterone in female) were measured. Plasma level of IGF-1 in long-tailed macaques was slightly lower than that in Japanese macaques. Pregnant individuals exhibited higher levels of the hormone. Those values were within the range of IGF-1 concentrations in pregnant wild Japanese macaques. Age-related changes in testosterone showed a temporal rise in infant period and permanent rise after 5 years. These are similar to those in captive animals. However, the second (permanent) rise in wild animals was one or two years later than that in captive ones. Age-related changes in female sexual steroids were similar to those in captive animals. Histological specimens were made from gonadal organs of captive macaques by biopsy in Thailand. Histological analysis of those specimens showed no any abnormalities. This result indicated that it may be difficult to prove the influence of endocrine disrupters by this approach.An epidemiological proof of the endocrine disruption by the phthalate ester to wild macaques in Thailand was detected hi this research. Those wild macaques were evaluated as a useful epidemiological monitor for humans. However, the necessity for more precisely research cannot be undervalued.