Ethnopharmacognosical Study on A Southeast Asian Aurantioideae Medicinal Plant Murraya paniculata: Correlation between Its Chemical Diversity and Medicinal Use in Traditional Medicine

在亚洲的亚热带或热带地区广泛生长着一种中等大小的木耳树，在该地区具有广泛的药用价值。本研究推测该药用植物在亚洲民间医学中的多价值用途与其由于广泛的植物地理分布而导致的种下分化导致的形态和化学特性多样性有关，并进行了相应的研究，以明确“M paniculata”的形态和化学多样性，从而重建该物种及其亲缘种的分类。基于小叶和果实形态的外来植物；(2)被认为是台湾蓝屿的一种流行品种，如var. omphalocarpa，在形态上与发生在菲律宾及其南部邻国的相同。对菲律宾种的化学调查进一步证实了其与母种（M. paniculata）的同义性，表明菲律宾种与兰屿种具有化学同源性。对已报道的以M. exotica和M. paniculata命名的戊烯基香豆素进行综合分析，认为它们的生物起源可能是sibiricin、gleinadiene epoxide、meranzin和phebalosin等环氧香豆素，并将其分别命名为A_1、A_2、B_1和B_2型。根据该方法，南沙群岛及其邻近海域的香豆素含量为B_1B_2型，而菲律宾及其南部邻国的香豆素含量为AB_2型，这与形态学研究结果吻合较好。对印度尼西亚帝汶特有品种（var. zollingeri）进行了化学研究，发现该品种仅含有B2型香豆素。该品种化学性质的独特性与其独特的形态特征是一致的。为了阐明该植物的化学多样性是否具有作为民间药材的多效性，从民族生药学的角度对其进行了展望，并对迄今为止从该植物中获得的约70种成分进行了抗氧化活性等生物测定。少

A rutaceous medium-size tree "Murraya paniculata " widely occurs in either subtropics or tropics throughout Asia and has found wide medicinal use in this region. This researcher presumed that multivalent uses of this medicinal plant in Asian folk medicine are correlated to diversity of its morphological and chemical properties arising from infra-specific differentiation of the species due to wide phytogeographical distribution, and conducted the corresponding research in order to make clear morphological and chemical diversity of "M paniculata" and hereby reconstruct taxonomy of this species and its allies. Detailed morphological studies on "M paniculata" by inspecting specimens preserved at both Philippine National Museum, Manila, Philippines and Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia, as well as those prepared from samples collected in Nansei Islands lead to the following conclusions: (1) those occurring in areas extending from Nansei Islands to Taiwan and south mainland China can be … More distinguished as M. exotica based on morphology of leaflets and fruits; (2) what have been considered to be an emdemic variety to Lan Yu, Taiwan, as var. omphalocarpa are morphologically identical to those "occurring in Philippines and its southern neighbors. The synonymity of var. omphalocarpa to the mother species (M. paniculata) was further substantiated by chemical investigation on Philippine species, which revealed that both Philippine and Lan Yu species *re chemically homologous. A comprehensive analysis of prenylcoumarins that have been reported under the name of both M. exotica and M paniculata furnished a hypothesis that they originate biogenetically from the corresponding epoxycoumarins such as sibiricin, gleinadiene epoxide, meranzin and phebalosin, and a group of coumarins arising from each of the above epoxides are expediently designated as A_1 A_2, B_1 and B_2 types, respectively. According to this method, those of Nansei Islands and its vicinity have B_1B_2 type coumarins whereas those of Philippines and its southern neighbors have AB_2 type coumarins, which is in good accordance with results of morphological study. Chemical study on endemic variety (var. zollingeri) occurring in Timor, Indonesia was also conducted and revealed that this variety contains only B2 type coumarins. The uniqueness in chemical property of this variety will be in line with its unique morphological property. About seventy constituents obtained so far from Murraya species were also subjected to various bioassays including anti-oxidant activity in order to clarify whether chemical diversity of this plant furnishes multivalency of use as folk medicine, which were prospected from ethnopharmacognosical viewpoints. Less