The Development of Atomic Energy for Civil Uses in France

到目前为止，主要是C.E.A.和E. D. F的人为法国民用原子能的发展做了研究，但他们有时倾向于主观。本研究试图从日本人的角度客观地描述法国民用原子能的历史。关于材料，我们处理了没有被检查过的一般科学杂志，我们解释了早期C.E.A.的转变，并阐明了原子能如何作为能源获得动力。(1)我们不仅查了中情局。的年度报告，而且一般的科学杂志，以澄清如何对待原子能。《原子》（1946-1905）这本杂志创刊于1946年，F.约里奥-居里写了第一篇文章的第一个数字。在20世纪50年代，他们可以阅读许多关于原子能的专题文章。我们估计这些物品的历史价值， ...更多信息 1945 - 1951年，除了C.E.A.《法国能源评论》（Revue francaise de l 'energie）（1948-1984）这本杂志创办于1948年，涉及各种能源，后来改名为《能源评论》。有必要调查这本杂志，以了解原子能是如何在煤和石油等能源中脱颖而出的。(2)C.E.A.的转型。在约里奥于1950年被解职后，该公司生产钚用于军事目的。但根据约里奥和其他人在《原子》上写的一些文章，C.E.A.第一阶段的目标是生产钚作为核燃料循环。因此，大多数科学家似乎没有意识到钚的军事用途，至少在20世纪50年代初，但认为他们研究钚是约里奥的意见。(3)1952年，原子能第一次出现在《法国能源杂志》上。从1952年到1957年，每年发表5 - 10篇政府计划和原子能经济等文章。其中，P. Ailleret的文章，他是E.D.F.研究部主任，都很了不起早在1954年，他就坚持了原子能发电厂的必要性，并在此后几次重申了自己的观点。他是向公众呼吁原子能工厂并促进E.D.F.原子能研究的关键人物之一。少

So far, mainly C.E.A and E.D.F people have done studies for the development of atomic energy for civil uses in France, but they sometimes tend to be subjective. In this research, we tried to describe the history of atomic energy for civil uses in France objectively, by point of Japanese view. Concerning materials, we dealt with general scientific magazines that had not been examined and we explained a transition of C.E.A in the early years and made clear how atomic energy gained power as energy resources.(1) Collected materialsWe looked over not only C.E.A.'s annual reports but also general scientific magazines to clarify how atomic energy was treated. We copied almost all articles on atomic energy for civil uses and made a list of them.Les Atomes (1946-1905)This magazine was first published in 1946, and F. Joliot-Curie wrote the first article of the first number. In 1950's, they could read many special articles on atomic energy. We estimate historical value of those articles as there … More was few materials from 1945 to 1951, except for C.E.A.'s annual reports.Revue francaise de l'energie (1948-1984)This magazine treating all sorts of energy was founded in 1948 and it changed its name for Ruvue de l'energie later. It is necessary to investigate this magazine to understand how atomic energy showed its head among other energy resources like coal and oil.(2) A transition of C.E.A.It is a common opinion that C.E.A. produced Pu for military purposes after Joliot's dismissal in 1950. But according to some articles in Les Atomes written by Joliot and others, C.E.A. had aimed at production of Pu as a cycle of nuclear fuel in the first stage. So most scientists seemed not to be conscious of military uses of Pu at least in the early 1950's but to think that they researched Pu as Joliot's opinion.(3) Atomic energy as for gaining powerAtomic energy appeared in Revue francaise de l'energie in 1952 for the first time. During the period from 1952 to 1957, 5 to 10 articles like government program and economy of atomic energy were published per year. Among them, articles of P. Ailleret, who was a director of research division of E.D.F., were remarkable. He insisted the necessity of atomic energy plants already in 1954, and asserted his opinion several times later. He was one of the key person who appealed to the public for atomic energy plants and promoted atomic energy research at E.D.F. Less