Cinematographic study on attacking and blocking tactics by international-class volleyball teams

本研究旨在探讨国际级女子排球队接发球后的进攻型态。古巴、俄罗斯、巴西、中国女子世界大奖赛决赛的第一场边路比赛，以100帧/秒的速度拍摄。两台16毫米电影摄影机和一台录像机采用直接线性变换法计算扣球运动的运动学数据。结果和发现总结如下：第一次侧出攻击成功率在古巴为46%，俄罗斯为40%，巴西为46%，中国为36%。女子组合进攻打法因队而异。古巴队的进攻体系是6 - 2，二传手总是来自后排，组合几乎是三打进攻，其中包括快速设置的中锋和低快速设置的外线进攻者。俄罗斯队的进攻主要是由两名身高分别为190 cm的王牌队员利用高位定位球扣球。四击进攻是巴西男排进攻战术的重要组成部分，在以往的报道中，四击进攻是巴西男排进攻战术的常用手段。中国队在女子排球比赛中采用两名快攻手同时进攻的组合进攻方式，即B快攻和单腿起跳快攻，而女子排球比赛中的快攻通常是由一名前锋中锋扣球。结果表明，女子排球比赛中，任何一种组合进攻方式在进攻战术上都不具有决定性的作用。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the offensive pattern after the serve reception of international-class women's volleyball teams. The first side-out plays of Cuban, Russian, Brazilian, Chinese female players who participated in Women's World Grand Prix Final Matches were filmed at 100 f.p.s. with two 16mm cinecameras and a VTR. The kinematic data of the spiking motion were computed by the Direct Linear Transformation Method. The results and findings were summarized as follows.The first side-out attack performed succesfully was 46% in Cuba, 40% in Russia, 46% in Brazil, and 36% in China. The women's combination offense plays were different from team to team. Cuban offense system was six-two where the setter always came from the back row, and the combination was almost the three-hitter attack which consisted of the quick set to the center attacker and the low fast set to the outside attackers. Most of Russian attack were the spiking from high set ball by two ace players whose stature were 190cm respectively. Brazil used often the four-hitter attack which played the important part of the offensive tactics in men's volleyball game reported before. While the quick set in the combination offense play was spiked usuall by a forward center attacker, China used such a combination that two quick hitters approached simultaneously for the different two kinds of quick sets, for example, one for B quick set and the other for one-leg takeoff set.These results suggest that any combination offense play may not have the decisive power in the offensive tactics of women's voleyball game.