Development of nano-scale conjugated molecular wires and research of their functional abilities

为了发掘纳米共轭低聚物作为先进功能材料的潜力，我们开展了以下四个方面的工作：1、功能共轭纳米分子的设计与开发；2、共轭纳米分子的多功能化；3、共轭纳米分子的高阶组织；4、共轭纳米分子作为分子电子材料的应用。在第一个课题中，最有成效的研究成果是开发了一系列长达36.7 nm的96聚体低聚硫吩类化合物。这种超长分子的发展意味着自下而上的合成分子与微技术的缩小的对接。这是实现单分子电子学的重要第一步。第二个主题的一个很好的结果是揭示了低聚硫吩类化合物作为光致电子和能量转移的优良分子导线的优势。在第三个主题中的一个显著结果是开发了一种三脚架四苯甲烷锚，它可以在金衬底上形成的自组装单分子膜(SAM)中服务于附着的低聚硫吩分子的自立。实际应用于高效SAM基光伏电池和电致发光器件的成功构建。在第四个主题中，值得注意的是观察到低聚噻吩烯/富勒烯二元系是一种更好的光致电荷分离体系，适用于分子电子材料。利用低聚并噻吩烯/富勒烯二元组制备了塑料太阳能电池，展示了高效的光伏性能。

In order to explore the potential of nano-scale conjugated oligomers as advanced functional materials, the following four projects have been studied : 1,the designs and developments of functional conjugated nanomolecules ; 2,multifunctionalization of conjugated nanomolecules ; 3,higher-order organization of conjugated nanomolecules ; 4,applications of conjugated nanomolecules as molecular electronics materials. The most fruitful research result in the first topic is to have developed a series of oligothiophenes up to the 96-mer with 36.7 nm in length. The development of such extraordinarily long molecules means the docking of the bottom-up of synthetic molecules with the downsizing of microtechnology. This is the first important step towards the realization of single-molecular electronics. A great result in the second topic is to have revealed the advantage of oligothiophenes as superior molecular wires for photoinduced electron and energy transfer. A marked result in the third topics is to have developed a tripodal tetraphenylmethane anchor, which can serve the self-standing of the attached oligothiophene molecules in a self-assembled monolayer(SAM) formed on the gold substrate. It was actually applied to the successful construction of highly efficient SAM-based photovoltaic cells and electroluminescent devices. In the fourth topics, remarkable is to observe that oligothiophene/fullerene dyads are superior systems apt to photoinduced charge-separation, which is applicable to molecular electronics materials. Plastic solar cells using the oligothiophene/fullerene dyads were fabricated, demonstrating efficient photovoltaic performances.