Prevention of pneumonia in the elderly

老年人的肺炎是由不明显的吞咽障碍引起的。大多数人患有无声的吸入，最终导致肺炎。这是由于缺乏P物质，P物质以逆向方式通过感觉分支（如迷走神经和舌咽神经）传递，并具有深吞咽和咳嗽反射功能。P物质的合成受到大脑深层皮质释放的多巴胺的刺激。当多巴胺出现短缺时，由于它能诱导多巴胺的合成而被广泛用于治疗帕金森病。一项为期三年的金刚烷胺给药临床试验表明，与对照组相比，肺炎的发生率下降到20%左右。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACE抑制剂）可增加P物质。常规药物可以使用，并可通过处方获得。单独或联合使用这些药物可以在相当大的程度上预防肺炎。

Pneumonia in the elderly is caused by an in apparent swallowing disorder. Most suffer silent aspiration, which eventually causes pneumonia. This is due to t lack in substance P, which transmits in an antidromic way through the sensory branches, such as vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves, and deeps swallowing and cough reflex functioning. The synthesis of substance P is stimulated by dopamine that is released from the deep cortex in the cerebrum. When there is a shortage of dopamine, widely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease as it induced the synthesis of dopamine. A clinical trial of amantadine administration for three years showed that the incidence rate of pneumonia decreased to about 20% compared with the control group. Substance P is increased by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). Conventional drugs can be used and are available by prescription. The use of such drugs separately or in combination enables prevention of pneumonia to a considerable degree.