STUDY ON SCOAIL HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY BASED ON "BOOK SOURCES"

本研究旨在利用“书源”来厘清欧洲中世纪大学的一些社会角色。包括Exempla、Specia在内的书籍是大学智力活动的出版物，也是大学教育和研究的主要来源。书籍是由书商或书商提供的，中世纪的单词是“stantarii”和“lib-rarii”。我们以巴黎大学为例，分析了巴黎大学关于图书贸易的条款、书商宣誓以及免除所有大学图书馆商业税和尾巴的皇家法令等八项文件。分析表明，大学的规定旨在禁止书商进行不公平或不合理的图书交易，包括特殊租金，这可能会阻止地方法官和委员会完成他们的智力活动。宣誓的内容符合大学的愿望，因此宣誓的文人受到大学的保护，享有特权。从1292年到1353年，我们在他们的生意中统计了大约120个布克人，并可能发现他们之间有亲密的亲属关系。我们还可以指出，书店集中在两个地区：一个是拉丁文较多的书店，特别是圣雅克街，另一个是L的圣母院书店。我们说巴黎大学和书商有着密切的社会关系，他们的活动都在同一个领域。

This research aims to clarify some social roles of medieval universities in Europe by using "book sources". Books including exempla, pecia, are the publication of university intellectual activity, and also main sources of university education and research. Books were provided by Bookmen or Booksellers, in medieval word "stationarii" and "lib-rarii". This means that the relation between University and Bookmen were naturally very close.We chose University of Paris as example, and analyzed eight documents, concerning Parisian University provisons on the book-trade, the oath sworn by bookmen, and a royal ordonnance exempting all the university librarii from the commercial tax and the taille. The analyses show that the University provisions aimed to forbid bookmen to perform unfair or unreasonable book-trade including pecia rental, which might prevent magistri and scolares from accomplishing their intellectual activities. And the contents of oath sworn corresponded to what the University wished, so that bookmen who sworn were placed under the university protection and enjoyed privileges.As to a sociology of Parisian bookmen. we count about 120 bookmen in their business from 1292 to 1353, and may find between them a close kinship. We can indicate also that book-shops were concentrated in two quarters : one is Quartier Latin, especially Rue Saint-Jacques, and the other is Rue neuve de Notre-Dame in l'Ile de la Cite.We say Parisian University and bookmen being in a close social relations shared the same area of their activities.